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Background/Aim. Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training contributes to improving cognitive performance, increasing attention. SMR power is increased when a person is focused and task-oriented. The shorter reaction time of the P300 evoked potentials (AEPs) are associated with better attention. Hence, the increase in SMR power after NFB SMR training should decrease the reaction time in a cognitive task. This study aimed to examine the ability of healthy individuals to modulate the sensorimotor (SM) rhythm of electroencephalographic activity between 12 and 15 Hz during 20-day neurofeedback (NFB) training sessions. In addition, the effect of NFB sensorimotor rhythm training on reaction time (RT) was investigated. Methods. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups, with 24 subjects (12 males) aged between 25 and 40 years. Participants in the experimental group were trained with authentic SM rhythm NFB training, while in the control group false (placebo) training was applied. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were registered on 5 occasions: before NFB training, after 5, 10, and 20 training sessions, and one month after the last training. Results. The results showed that a series of 20 SM rhythm NFB training increases the amplitudes of the SM rhythm. RT in the experimental group was significantly shortened, while in the control group it was not observed. Also, the increase in the power of the EEG signal of the SM rhythm showed a negative correlation with RT, but only in a subgroup of male subjects. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the effects of NFB training on the improvement of the attention process expressed by reaction time.
Background/Aim. Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training contributes to improving cognitive performance, increasing attention. SMR power is increased when a person is focused and task-oriented. The shorter reaction time of the P300 evoked potentials (AEPs) are associated with better attention. Hence, the increase in SMR power after NFB SMR training should decrease the reaction time in a cognitive task. This study aimed to examine the ability of healthy individuals to modulate the sensorimotor (SM) rhythm of electroencephalographic activity between 12 and 15 Hz during 20-day neurofeedback (NFB) training sessions. In addition, the effect of NFB sensorimotor rhythm training on reaction time (RT) was investigated. Methods. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups, with 24 subjects (12 males) aged between 25 and 40 years. Participants in the experimental group were trained with authentic SM rhythm NFB training, while in the control group false (placebo) training was applied. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were registered on 5 occasions: before NFB training, after 5, 10, and 20 training sessions, and one month after the last training. Results. The results showed that a series of 20 SM rhythm NFB training increases the amplitudes of the SM rhythm. RT in the experimental group was significantly shortened, while in the control group it was not observed. Also, the increase in the power of the EEG signal of the SM rhythm showed a negative correlation with RT, but only in a subgroup of male subjects. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the effects of NFB training on the improvement of the attention process expressed by reaction time.
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Objective As life expectancy increases, the incidence of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis also increases. Dynamic balance is one of the essential factors that affect the mobility and daily living activity of patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis after undergoing Bilateral Total Knee Replacement (BTKR) surgery. Traditional rehabilitation approaches are based on reducing pain and increasing muscle strength, which are applied topically on the knee area. One of the new methods used to improve balance is neurofeedback, which acts at the central nervous system level. This pilot study aims to examine the effect of neurofeedback on dynamic stability and sustained attention in women who underwent BTKA. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experiment study with a pre-test/post-test design and no control group. The study population consisted of all patients with BTKA referred to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Occupational Therapy at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from April 2017 to September 2017. Of these patients, 8 female patients with a mean age of 67.5 years (3 months had passed since their surgery) were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The inclusion criteria were being over 55 years old; having a history of BTKR surgery in the last 2 to 4 months; being able to walk independently; using a cement prosthesis; lacking a record of cognitive problems (mini-mental state exam score> 20), cardiovascular diseases, uncontrolled high blood pressure, visual impairment, drug abuse or alcohol use, vestibular disorders that can impair balance, use of neuroleptics and sedatives; not receiving neurofeedback before this study, or undergoing surgery in other joints of lower limbs, such as ankle or hip. The exclusion criteria were the absence of more than two sessions from therapeutic protocol and unwillingness to collaborate in the research process. All patients received 8 sessions of standard neurofeedback training. Assessments were done at three times: before the intervention, and at the 4th and 8th sessions using vigilance subscale of Vienna test system and Biodex balance system (dynamic stability level 6 test). Data analysis was done in SPSS V. 22 using repeated-measures ANOVA and paired-samples t test. P<0.05 was considered as the significance level. There was a significant improvement in the mean score of dynamic stability after neurofeedback training (P<0.05), but the mean scores of sustained attention did not change significantly (P>0.05). However, the mean reaction time decreased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, a gradual increase in the beta wave was observed during treatment, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion Neurofeedback training can improve dynamic stability in female patients with knee osteoarthritis 4 months after BTKR surgery, but it has limited effects on their sustained attention. Therefore, this non-invasive and uncomplicated program can be used as a complementary treatment method for...
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