Effect of Neonatal Hypoxia on Leptin, Insulin, Growth Hormone and Body Composition in the Rat

Raff, Hershel; Bruder, Eric D.; Jankowski, Barbara M.; Colman, Ricki J.

doi:10.1055/s-2001-14929

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is possible that the marked increases in adiponectin in the current study were in response to the decrease in insulin sensitivity we have previously demonstrated ( 7,9,12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…We have also demonstrated that ghrelin, a hormone released by the GI tract that has a wide variety of endocrine and metabolic actions, is increased by dexamethasone therapy ( 15 ). The differential actions of leptin and ghrelin on food intake, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic function made it clear that these two factors per se could not account for the changes in growth hormone ( 7 ), IGF-I ( 8 ), body composition ( 7,8 ), weight gain ( 7,8 ), lipid profiles ( 12,14 ), and other parameters of metabolic function in our previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have extensively characterized the short-term endocrine and metabolic effects of hypoxia from birth to 7 d of age. Briefly, hypoxia from birth induces a decrease in weight gain without a significant change in body composition ( 7,8 ) and a state of relative insulin resistance ( 7,9,10 ). Furthermore, we have recently demonstrated that a tapering regimen of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, administered to mimic clinical practice ( 11 ), results in hyperinsulinemia with normoglycemia and decreased weight gain ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiponectin and Resistin in the Neonatal Rat: Effects of Dexamethasone and Hypoxia

Raff

Bruder

2006

ENDO

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Hypoxia is a common neonatal stress that induces insulin resistance and a decrease in body weight gain. Dexamethasone is often used to treat neonatal cardiopulmonary disease, and also leads to insulin resistance and a decrease in body weight gain. The current study addressed the hypothesis that serum concentrations of the adipokines adiponectin and/or resistin are altered during hypoxia and/or dexamethasone therapy in neonatal rats. Rat pups with their lactating dams were exposed to hypoxia (11% O 2 ) from birth and treated with a tapering regimen of dexamethasone from postnatal day (PD) 3-6. Serum adiponectin and resistin were measured on PD7. Hypoxia and dexamethasone independently decreased body weight gain and increased adiponectin levels. The combination of hypoxia and dexamethasone did not further increase adiponectin. Dexamethasone caused a small increase in resistin in normoxic pups, which may facilitate the hyperinsulemic-normoglycemic state we previously described. We also conclude that adiponectin is increased during hypoxia in response to a decrease in the sensitivity to insulin.

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“…It is possible that the marked increases in adiponectin in the current study were in response to the decrease in insulin sensitivity we have previously demonstrated ( 7,9,12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiponectin and Resistin in the Neonatal Rat: Effects of Dexamethasone and Hypoxia

Raff

Bruder

2006

ENDO

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“…The ability of the newborn to adapt to low O 2 depends on a multitude of physiological changes. These changes include, but are not limited to, shifts in metabolic, hemodynamic, digestive, and cardiorespiratory function (2,6,10,13,14,17,21,26,35). It has also become evident that there exists a unique developmental aspect to the maturation of the adrenocortical response to stress in the neonatal rat (1,33,37,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonatal hypoxia has profound effects on intermediary metabolism (2,6,13,26,27), including significant increases in plasma lipids (i.e., total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerides; see Ref. 27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis of adrenal lipids during hypoxia in the neonatal rat: implications in steroidogenesis

Bruder

Lee²,

Raff³

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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analysis of adrenal lipids during hypoxia in the neonatal rat: implications in steroidogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E697-E703, 2004. First published January 6, 2004 10.1152/ajpendo. 00502.2003.-The nursing rat pup exposed to hypoxia from birth exhibits ACTH-independent increases in corticosterone and renin/ ANG II-independent increases in aldosterone. These increases are accompanied by significant elevation of plasma lipid concentrations in the hypoxic neonates. The purpose of the present study was to compare changes in the concentrations of specific fatty acid metabolites and lipid classes in serum and adrenal tissue from normoxic and hypoxic rat pups. We hypothesized that lipid alterations resulting from hypoxia may partly explain increases in steroidogenesis. Rats were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia from birth, and pooled serum and adrenal tissue from 7-day-old pups were subjected to metabolomic analyses. Hypoxia resulted in specific and significant changes in a number of fatty acid metabolites in both serum and the adrenal. Hypoxia increased the concentrations of oleic (18:1 n-9), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5 n-3), and arachidonic (20:4 n-6) acids in the triacylglyceride fraction of serum and decreased oleic and EPA concentrations in the cholesterol ester fraction. In the adrenal, hypoxia caused an increase in several n-6 fatty acids in the triacylglyceride fraction, including linoleic (18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid. There was also an increase in the concentration of ␣-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) in the triacylglyceride fraction of the hypoxic adrenal, along with an increase in linoleic acid concentration in the diacylglyceride fraction. We propose that specific changes in lipid metabolism in the adrenal, as a result of hypoxia, may partly explain the increased steroidogenesis previously observed. The mechanism responsible may involve alterations in cellular signaling and/or mitochondrial function. These cellular changes may be a mechanism by which the neonate can increase circulating adrenal steroids necessary for survival, therefore bypassing a relative insensitivity to normal stimuli.

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Sudden vs Pressure Wean From Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Infants Born Before 32 Weeks of Gestation

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a well-established treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Suboptimal weaning from nCPAP may be associated with lung injury, pulmonary morbidity, and infant weight gain. To our knowledge, the best weaning strategy from nCPAP is unknown.OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of sudden wean and pressure wean from nCPAP in very preterm infants. A randomized, clinical, open-label, multicenter trial was conducted at 6 neonatal intensive care units in Denmark from September 2012 to December 2016 and included infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSINTERVENTIONS Sudden wean with discontinuation of nCPAP without a prior reduction in pressure. Pressure wean with gradual pressure reduction prior to the discontinuation of nCPAP. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was weight gain velocity from randomization to postmenstrual age 40 weeks. Secondary outcomes included other measures of growth, nCPAP and the duration of oxygen supplementation, postmenstrual age at successful wean and at discharge, successful wean at the first attempt, the number of attempts to wean, and the length of the hospital stay. Prespecified subgroup analyses by gestational age were performed. RESULTSOf the 372 randomized infants, 185 (49.7%) were randomized to sudden wean and 187 infants (50.3%) to pressure wean. A total of 177 infants in both groups completed the trial (median gestational age for sudden and pressure wean, 30 weeks [interquartile range, 29-31]; male: sudden wean, 89 [50%]; pressure wean, 96 [54%]). There was no difference in mean [SD] weight gain velocity from randomization to 40 weeks postmenstrual age between the 2 groups (22 [6] g/kg/day). No difference was found in any of the secondary outcomes. More infants born before 28 weeks of gestation were successfully weaned from nCPAP during the first attempt in the pressure wean group compared with the sudden wean group (risk difference, 31%; 95% CI, 13%-50%), but there was no difference in the duration of nCPAP and oxygen supplementation.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Overall, we found no difference in weight gain velocity or any of the secondary outcomes between very preterm infants who were randomized to sudden wean or pressure wean from nCPAP. However, among infants born before 28 weeks' gestation, infants from the pressure wean group were more often successfully weaned during the first attempt without a longer total duration of nCPAP treatment.

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Effect of Neonatal Hypoxia on Leptin, Insulin, Growth Hormone and Body Composition in the Rat

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Adiponectin and Resistin in the Neonatal Rat: Effects of Dexamethasone and Hypoxia

Adiponectin and Resistin in the Neonatal Rat: Effects of Dexamethasone and Hypoxia

Metabolomic analysis of adrenal lipids during hypoxia in the neonatal rat: implications in steroidogenesis

Sudden vs Pressure Wean From Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Infants Born Before 32 Weeks of Gestation

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