Effect of Nd₂O₃ and Na₂O concentration on physical and spectroscopic properties of TeO₂–Bi₂O₃–ZnO–Na₂O–Nd₂O₃ glasses

Abstract

Two series of tellurite glasses with molar compositions of (55TeO 2 -2Bi 2 O 3 -(41-x) ZnO-2Na 2 O-xNd 2 O 3 (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5) and 55TeO 2 -2Bi 2 O 3 -(41-x) ZnO-xNa 2 O-2Nd 2 O 3 (x=1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0) were fabricated using melt quenching technique. Based on the measured densities, refractive indices and absorption spectra, physical and spectroscopic properties of these two-glass series are evaluated and compared. Whereas substitution of ZnO by Nd 2 O 3 causes the values of density and refractive index increase, the substitution of ZnO by Na 2 O has been shown to impact the glass density and refractive index in the opposite manner. Molar volume of both series increases with an increase of either Nd 2 O 3 or Na 2 O concentrations. In this regard, a dynamical model explaining the density and molar volume was proposed. Additionally, Judd-Ofelt theory was applied in order to predict the physical and laser properties of the two glasses series as a function of glass compositions, i.e., Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω t (t=2, 4, 6), branching ratios (β), calculated lifetimes (τ), the emission to exited state absorption intensity ratio (A em /A ESA ) and spectroscopic quality χ=Ω 4 /Ω 6 . Equations to relate χ with branching ratios for laser transitions 4 F 3/2 to 4 I J' (with J′ =9/2, 11/2, 13/2 and 15/2) were also derived.

Physical Properties Study of Sodium Doped Boro-Tellurite (Na₂O: TeO₂-B₂O₃-ZnO) Glasses

“…It was indicated that Na + not large enough to fill empty spaces inside glass network, so the consequences is the network become tenuous and the glass is lighter. Similar results also reported by [28], where substitution ZnO with Na2O decrease density due to reduction of average glass molecular weight in TBZN-Nd glasses. Opposite by density, the molar volume was increased significantly due addition of Na2O.…”

Effect of sodium oxide (Na2O) glass modifier on physical properties and gamma shielding in tellurite glass systems TeO2-ZnO-PbO-Bi2O3 (TZPB)

“…Density is a property that describes the distribution of atoms in a glass matrix. Density was measured using the pycnometer method at room temperature based on the Archimedes principle shown in Equation (1) (Marzuki et al, 2020):…”

“…Where ρg, ρw, mg, m0, m1, m2, dan m3 denote the density of glass, density of distilled water, mass of the sample, the mass of the empty pycnometer, the mass of pycnometer with the sample inside, the mass of the pycnometer filled with water and glass sample, and mass of the pycnometer filled with water. The relationship between density and molar volume is expressed in the following equation (Marzuki et al, 2020)…”

Influence of B2O3/ZnO Exchange in Gamma Shielding Properties of TBTZ Glasses

“…When considering molecular weights, it is evident that B2O3 exhibits a significantly lower value than ZnO (69.63 g/mol: 81.38 g/mol). Moreover, this trend is mirrored in the atomic masses, with B showing a substantially lighter value compared to Zn (10.81 amu: 65.38 amu) which increases the total glass molecular weight [37] [38]. Besides that, the introduction of Zn 2+ ions disrupts the Te-O chain, leading to a modification in the glass structure [33], that is by expanding bridging oxygen's (BO) linkage [39].…”