Effect of Nb-doping on the structural and electrical properties of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1-xNb4x/5O3 ceramics at room temperature synthesized by molten-salt method

Structural and morphological studies, and temperature/frequency dependence of electrical conductivity of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1−xNb4x/5O3 perovskite ceramics

“…The incorporation of Nb into BLT induces a reduction in the unit cell volume Nb concentration, which indicates the increase of the average radius of site B (r Nb 5+ ¼ 0.64 A and r Ti 4+ ¼ 0.605 A). 29 The observed (Y obs ) and calculated (Y cal ) patterns, along with their differences, are depicted in Fig. 6(a-c), and the simulated patterns t well with the obtained XRD data.…”

“…It is noted that all of the prepared compounds have maintained the pure tetragonal structure with space group P4/mmm, consistent with earlier reports. 24,26,29 Additionally, no traces of impurity phase can be seen in our samples. All of the reection peaks are indexed in diverse crystal systems and unit cell congurations.…”

DC-Bias Dependent Impedance and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of The Un-Doped and Nb-Doped Ba0.97La0.02TiO3 Ceramics

“…Their consistent patterns closely resembled those of tetragonal perovskite for the tow samples, space group P4/mmm and were indexed accordingly with refined lattice parameters summed up in Table.1: lattice parameters, especially c and the unit cell volume, demonstrate a small decrease with x; it very well may be clarified by the rayon ionic radii Nb 5+ substitutes for Ti 4+ [32,33]. …”

“…exposed in Figure.8, the "Eg" value was assessed to be about 3.31 and 3.39 for BLT and BLT0.9Nb0.08, respectively, due to the diminished average crystallite size. [32,33] It can be seen that the optical band gap energy increments with Nb rates. [64][65] These obtained values of "Eg" established that the two compounds of polycrystalline ceramic perovskites were all semiconductor materials.…”

“…1: lattice parameters, especially c and the unit cell volume, demonstrate a small decrease with x; it very well may be clarified by the rayon ionic radii Nb 5+ substitutes for Ti 4+ [32,33]. …”