Effect of Nb doping on the relaxor behaviour of (Pb0.75Ba0.25)(Zr0.70Ti0.30)O3 ceramics

Fabrication and dielectric properties of modified calcium (Pb0.75Ba0.25)(Zr0.7Ti0.3)O3 ceramics

“…The degree of frequency dispersion ΔT m (is defined here as the difference between the T m measured at 0.1 kHz and that measured at the 100 kHz) and Δε max (defined in a similar manner) decreased with calcium concentration (Fig. 6), which shows that the Ca ions are the first among the dopants that we have previously investigated [12][13][14][15].…”

“…the trend changes. The increasing participation of calcium ions is connected also with the movement of maximum permittivity temperature (T m ) to low value, however the displacement is not as marked as it was in the case of heterovalent additives [12][13][14][15]. As mentioned above, the maximum of dielectric permittivity is significantly broadened.…”

“…Investigations described in this paper are focused on PBZT ceramics with Zr/Ti ratios of 70/30 and Ba content of 25 [11]. The influence on relaxor properties of heterovalent additives substituted Pb or Ba in the A-site of the crystal lattice as well as Nb in the B-site were described in detail in the series of papers published previously [12][13][14][15]. The additives improved relaxor properties and extended the temperature range along with their presence.…”

The dependence of the synthesis condition on the dielectric behaviors of the 0.75Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3–0.25PbTiO3 based ceramics

“…Inspecting the dielectric loss properties of the 0.25PTMn ceramics in the paraelectric region, we find that the high dielectric loss is evident under the low frequency field, and increases as increasing temperature and abruptly decreases as increasing frequency. We attribute the dielectric loss to the space charge polarization [18][19][20][21][22][23]. In Figs.…”

“…Furthermore, the strong frequency dispersion of the dielectric property and the diffusion phase transition are the typical dielectric behaviors of the FREs [10,[15][16][17]. The dielectric characteristics of the FREs, are usually modified by adding other compositions which have the same perovskite structure, doping the dopant or altering the synthesized process [4,12,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”