Effect of nationwide injury prevention programme on serious spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby union: ecological study

Quarrie, Kenneth L.; Gianotti, Simon; Hopkins, Will G.; Hume, Patria A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.39185.605914.ae

Cited by 119 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…In line with other reports, tackle, scrum, ruck and maul were the most common causes of injury in ball games. [15][16][17] Casual play, dancing and acrobatics also led to SCI, but they were less frequent. In contrast to the characteristics of water sports, gymnastics and acrobatics injuries, accidents caused by dancing mainly lead to thoracic cord injuries in little girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous preventive programs, such as warning signs, TV commercials, posters, 12 Think First Campaign 20 and rule changes to eliminate spearing, facing tackling and scrum, 15,16 have been designed and practiced to reduce the incidence of SR-related SCI with some positive results. 15,16,20 The recommended preventive measures include promoting public educational program of awareness of safety, improving equipment standards, teaching fundamental techniques, training inexperienced beginners, enforcing existing rules and encouraging coordination between players in team sports. In summary, SR-related SCI was most commonly seen among young male adults, predominantly as a result of diving accidents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,11 An understanding of the pattern of SR-related SCIs is necessary to identify the risk groups in terms of age, gender, type of sports and recreation, and mechanism of injury to improve prevention. Numerous studies have shown the features of SR-related SCIs [2][3][4][6][7][8][11][12][13][14][15] and proposed measures for their prevention. [14][15][16] In China, however, SR-related SCIs did not receive sufficient attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of sports- and recreation-related spinal cord injuries in Beijing

Sun

et al. 2009

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of sports-and recreation-related (SR-related) spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in Beijing. Setting: Beijing, China. Methods: A review of the complete medical records of 57 consecutive SR-related SCI patients referred to four general hospitals and two rehabilitation institutions was carried out. Patients were injured between 1993 and 2006. The variables studied included demography, sports and recreation characteristics, diagnoses and outcome. Results: There were 44 males and 13 females with a ratio of 3.3:1. The mean age was 24.49 ± 11.92 years. In 37 patients (64.9%), water sports was the single most commont cause. Of them, injury because of diving was seen in 34, which constituted 59.6% of the total. Other types of sports and recreation accounted for 35.1%. Level of cord lesion was cervical in 89.5% and thoracic in 10.5% of the injured. The lesion of C4 alone constituted 45.6% of the total. The ratio of complete to incomplete lesion was 1.2:1. In all, two patients died, and one with an injury at the C4 level recovered completely. Of the other 54 survivals, 48 (89%) remained tetraplegic and six remained paraplegic (11%). The main underlying cause was the lack of safety awareness, safety regulations and their implementation. Conclusion: SR-related SCI was most commonly seen among young male adults, predominantly as a result of diving accidents. There was a significant increase in sports injuries, other than those caused by diving, in later years. Successful prevention programs of other countries are being adopted in Beijing in recent years, hence an improvement in safety is expected in the years to come.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of sports- and recreation-related spinal cord injuries in Beijing

Sun

et al. 2009

Spinal Cord

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“…Also, the dark gray areas are classifi ed as unacceptable risk when using industrial standards for risk management. Reproduced with permission from Drawer and Fuller (2002) skiers and snowboarders indicating a signifi cant reduction in the risk of head injury with helmet use (Hagel et al, 2005;Sulheim et al, 2006), an RCT demonstrating a 47% reduction in knee and ankle injuries from a structured program of warm-up exercises in adolescent team handball players (Olsen et al, 2005), and an ecological study of a nationwide educational injury prevention program indicating a reduced frequency of spinal cord injuries in rugby (Quarrie et al, 2007). Many major public health and specialty journals are currently publishing new studies in this fi eld.…”

Section: Is There An Evidence Base For Injury Prevention?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is Injury Prevention in Sports Important?

Engebretsen

Bahr

2009

Sports Injury Prevention

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This book is a result of the IOC Medical Commission's increasing emphasis on prevention of sports injuries. The numerous health benefi ts of physical activity have been well documented, resulting in public health support of regular physical activity and exercise. Although benefi cial, exercise and sports also have corresponding risks, including that of musculoskeletal injuries. However, at a time when there is an abundance of medical meetings, journals, and papers, some might argue that the last thing we need is a new book focusing on yet another fi eld of research and clinical practice. What would justify such an emphasis on a new and developing fi eld in medicine? First, it must ask important questions not answered by others. Second, the new research fi eld should have the potential to create truly new knowledge, lead to new ways of thinking and lay the foundation for improved health for our patients. This is usually not possible without a multidisciplinary approach, involving a mixture of basic scientists and clinicians. Third, research results from the new fi eld should be publishable in respected journals, recognized and cited by peers, presentable at highquality meetings, and fundable on competitive grant review. Let us examine each of these issues to see if there is suffi cient merit in sports injury prevention research.

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“…1,12,[18][19][20]25,30,31,36,40 Measures to reduce the number of catastrophic injuries have included law changes and educational initiatives. 25,30,31 Laws governing the scrum, including scrum engagements, and the tackle have been adapted to make the game safer and to avoid non-fatal catastrophic injuries to the cervical spine. 16,25,30 Examples of rule changes introduced to reduce the incidence of catastrophic injuries include the crouch-touch-pause-engage sequence of scrum engagement and the outlawing of the high and spear tackles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BokSmart: Safe and effective techniques in rugby union

Posthumus¹

2016

S Afr J SM

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As with any contact sport, rugby union has a high risk of injury.The majority of injuries result from contact phases of play such as the tackle, taking the ball into contact, the scrum, the lineout and the ruck and maul. Many techniques associated with a reduced risk of injury can be taught. The need for coaches to emphasise correct technique is extremely important and one of the few possible modes to reduce injuries, particularly non-fatal catastrophic injuries to the head, neck, brain and spine. This paper provides evidence of safe techniques during the contact phases of the game (tackling, taking the ball into contact, scrum setting and engagement, lineouts as well as rucks and mauls). Examples are also given to show that safe techniques often are the most effective techniques from a performance perspective.

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Effect of nationwide injury prevention programme on serious spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby union: ecological study

Cited by 119 publications

References 24 publications

Pattern of sports- and recreation-related spinal cord injuries in Beijing

Pattern of sports- and recreation-related spinal cord injuries in Beijing

Why is Injury Prevention in Sports Important?

BokSmart: Safe and effective techniques in rugby union

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