Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid)

Zhou, Gang; Liu, Wenjun; Yin, Haiyan; Zhang, Yinhang; Huang, Chengzhe

doi:10.1002/app.53561

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, the crystallization time of pure PLA and CPLA enhanced signi cantly at 140°C compared with that at 125°C. However, the crystallization time of CPLA-0.75 and CPLA-1 at 140°C slightly improved contrast to 125°C, which might ascribed to the HNA in PLA matrix could play a role of heterogeneous nucleation sites and promote crystal nucleation [29,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Dun,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The widespread use of traditional petroleum-based plastics is causing significant environmental pollution for example microplastics issues, due to its non-biodegradability. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) as a representative biodegradable polymer is a promising candidate to replace petroleum-based plastics in some fields of disposable packaging materials and tableware. In this work, in order to improve the poor crystallization, mechanical and heat resistance performances of PLA, styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) as a chain extender and octamethylenedicarboxylic dibenzoylhydrazide (ST-NAB3) as a heterogeneous nucleating agent (HNA) were added simultaneously into PLA matrix. The chain-extended PLA (CPLA) with branch structures had smaller crystal sizes and higher crystal density, compared with those of pure PLA. In addition, thanks to the nucleation effect of ST-NAB3 and the development of “shish-kebab”, this tendency became more pronounced in CPLA/HNA systems. It was worth mentioning that, CPLA with the ST-NAB3 content of 1 wt.% (CPLA-1) possessed the highest crystallinity of 43.6%. Meanwhile, CPLA-1 had the best impact strength and heat deformation temperature of 38.9 kJ/m2 and 91.3°C respectively, which had increased by 11.3 kJ/m2 and 32.4°C contrast to pure PLA. On the whole, this study proposed a simple and effective method, which provided a new possibility for PLA modification research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Dun,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Crystal-nucleating agents have the effect of increasing the nucleation density and decreasing the crystals' size while improving the crystallinity of the material and accelerating its crystallization kinetics [259]. Commonly used additives for that purpose, including talc [139,259], phenylphosphonic acid zinc salt [260], zinc citrate [261], D-Mannitol [262], cellulose nanocrystals [72,263,264], cellulose nanofibers [265], lignocellulosic fibre or particles [266][267][268], rice husk [269], biochar [270], clay platelets [271], organoclay [8], and graphene oxide [272,273], have been shown to be effective in improving foaming, by reducing average cell size and increasing cell density.…”

Section: Poly (Lactic Acid) (Pla)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Gonçalves,

Reis,

Fernandes

2024

Polymers

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The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.

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“…3 Moreover, expanded PLA (EPLA) foam has received increased attention as a potential substitute for petroleum-based foams (like EPS, and EPP) in the field of packaging, construction, thermal insulation, and so forth, due to its biodegradable nature. 4,5 Currently, various strategies including microcellular injection foaming, 6 autoclave foaming, 7 and extrusion foaming 8 have been developed to prepare polymer foams. In particular, bead foams have the special advantage of being able to form lowdensity 3D complex components through steam-chest molding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extruded polylactide bead foams using anhydrous supercritical CO₂ extrusion foaming

Su,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio‐based and biodegradable polymer. It is challenging to prepare PLA bead foams at a large scale in an efficient manner. Herein, beads of modified PLA are foamed by one‐step anhydrous supercritical CO2 extrusion. This dramatically shortens the production time, prevents the PLA from pyrohydrolysis, and avoids wastewater generation. The melt strength of the PLA is increased from 0.8 to 16.7 cN using a chain extender. The morphologies and microstructures of bead foams are analyzed. In the case of the PLA bead foam obtained by extrusion foaming combined with wind‐cooling pelletizing technology, the expansion ratio is higher than 13, the pore morphology is typical cellular structures, and the surface is glossy. The advantages and shortcomings of the PLA beads are also investigated. It is beneficial to promote the continuous preparation of PLA bead foams and other polymer beads like PS, and PP, which can be used in the fields of green packing, sound absorption, cold‐chain logistics, and so forth.

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Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Extruded polylactide bead foams using anhydrous supercritical CO₂ extrusion foaming

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Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Crystallization behaviors of chain extended poly (lactic acid) modified with ST-NAB3 and its improved mechanical and thermal properties

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Extruded polylactide bead foams using anhydrous supercritical CO2 extrusion foaming

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Product

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Extruded polylactide bead foams using anhydrous supercritical CO₂ extrusion foaming