Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Pang, Weiqiang; Deng, Chong-qing; Li, Huan; DeLuca, Luigi T.; Ouyang, Dihua; Xu, Huixiang; Fan, Xuezhong

doi:10.3390/nano12010133

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…When undertaking material synthesis, it is imperative to satisfy certain requisite criteria, including the capability to work with diverse material systems, produce particles spanning a wide and controllable size range, and mitigate the formation of impurities, spontaneous reactions, and agglomeration phenomena while concurrently maintaining elevated levels of productivity and economic viability and ensuring reproducibility of the resultant characteristics [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. As shown in Figure 2, the synthesis techniques specifically tailored for thermite applications and their suitability are contingent upon the specific performance requirements and criteria, offering a multitude of advantages and trade-offs [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. The sol-gel method facilitates the judicious tailoring of the chemical composition of the gel matrices by means of combining precursors, thereby enabling the deliberate modulation of the resultant material properties [90,91].…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Composite Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Bridge-Wire Ignition of Nanocomposite Aluminum Thermite Synthesized Using Sol-Gel-Derived Aerogel with Tailored Properties for Enhanced Reactivity and Reduced Sensitivity

Ghedjatti,

Yuan,

Wang

2024

Energies

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The development of nano-energetic materials has significantly advanced, leading to enhanced properties and novel applications in areas such as aerospace, defense, energy storage, and automobile. This research aims to engineer multi-dimensional nano-energetic material systems with precise control over energy release rates, spatial distribution, and temporal and pressure history. In this context, sol–gel processing has been explored for the manufacture of nanocomposite aluminum thermites using aerogels. The goal is to produce nano-thermites (Al/Fe2O3) with fast energy release rates that are insensitive to unintended initiation while demonstrating the potential of sol–gel-derived aerogels in terms of versatility, tailored properties, and compatibility. The findings provide insightful conclusions on the influence of factors such as secondary oxidizers (KClO3) and dispersants (n-hexane and acetone) on the reaction kinetics and the sensitivity, playing crucial roles in determining reactivity and combustion performance. In tandem, ignition systems contribute significantly in terms of a high degree of reliability and speed. However, the advantages of using nano-thermites combined with hot bridge-wire systems in terms of ignition and combustion efficiency for potential, practical applications are not well-documented in the literature. Thus, this research also highlights the practicality along with safety and simplicity of use, making nano-Al/Fe2O3-KClO3 in combination with hot bridge-wire ignition a suitable choice for experimental purposes and beyond.

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Section: Synthesis Methods Of Composite Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Bridge-Wire Ignition of Nanocomposite Aluminum Thermite Synthesized Using Sol-Gel-Derived Aerogel with Tailored Properties for Enhanced Reactivity and Reduced Sensitivity

Ghedjatti,

Yuan,

Wang

2024

Energies

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“…Numerous experimental studies have confirmed that nanosized EMs can be considered as a source of extremely high heat release rates along with outstanding possibilities of burning rates for programming, reliability, extremely high burning efficiency, safety of use and reduced sensitivity to external influences [ 19 , 20 ]. The fundamental distinguishing feature of the nanosized EMs is a significant increase in the specific surface area and a decrease in the distances between nanocomponents, which provides a significant increase in the chemical reaction rates while simultaneously providing a reduction of the ignition delay, as well as providing the required safety level [ 20 ].…”

Section: Game-changing Transformative Energetics Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Vibrational Signature and Functionality of 2D-Ordered Linear-Chain Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Predictive Performance Enhancement of High-End Energetic Materials

Lukin¹,

Gülseren

2022

Nanomaterials

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A recently proposed, game-changing transformative energetics concept based on predictive synthesis and preprocessing at the nanoscale is considered as a pathway towards the development of the next generation of high-end nanoenergetic materials for future multimode solid propulsion systems and deep-space-capable small satellites. As a new door for the further performance enhancement of transformative energetic materials, we propose the predictive ion-assisted pulse-plasma-driven assembling of the various carbon-based allotropes, used as catalytic nanoadditives, by the 2D-ordered linear-chained carbon-based multicavity nanomatrices serving as functionalizing nanocarriers of multiple heteroatom clusters. The vacant functional nanocavities of the nanomatrices available for heteroatom doping, including various catalytic nanoagents, promote heat transfer enhancement within the reaction zones. We propose the innovative concept of fine-tuning the vibrational signatures, functionalities and nanoarchitectures of the mentioned nanocarriers by using the surface acoustic waves-assisted micro/nanomanipulation by the pulse-plasma growth zone combined with the data-driven carbon nanomaterials genome approach, which is a deep materials informatics-based toolkit belonging to the fourth scientific paradigm. For the predictive manipulation by the micro- and mesoscale, and the spatial distribution of the induction and energy release domains in the reaction zones, we propose the activation of the functionalizing nanocarriers, assembled by the heteroatom clusters, through the earlier proposed plasma-acoustic coupling-based technique, as well as by the Teslaphoresis force field, thus inducing the directed self-assembly of the mentioned nanocarbon-based additives and nanocarriers.

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“…In addition to possessing high energy, having the controllable reaction rate and acceptable safety are another two requirements for energetic materials used in military ammunition [ 13 ]. The preparation of nanosized energetic materials has made it possible to achieve those targets, owing to the bigger surface to volume ratio and the higher reactivity that the nano-energetic materials have compared to common micro-energetic materials [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The higher reactivity of nanosized NC has great potential to improve the combustion performance of propellants or explosives [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Deng³

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Nanoscale composite energetic materials (CEMs) based on oxidizer and fuel have potential advantages in energy adjustment and regulation through oxygen balance (OB) change. The micro- and nanosized fibers based on nano nitrocellulose (NC)-ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the morphology, thermal stability, combustion behaviors, and mechanical sensitivity of the fibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas pressure measurement of thermostatic decomposition, laser ignition, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that the prepared fibers with fluffy 3D macrostructure were constructed by the overlap of micro/nanofibers with the energetic particles embedded in the NC matrix. The first exothermic peak temperature (Tp) of the samples containing ADN decreased by 10.1 °C at most compared to that of ADN, and the pressure rise time of all the samples containing ADN moved forward compared to that of the sample containing NC only. Furthermore, ADN can decrease the ignition delay time of NC-based fibers under atmosphere at room temperature from 33 ms to 9 ms and can enhance the burning intensity of NC-based fibers under normal pressure. In addition, compared to the single high explosive CL-20 or RDX, the mechanical sensitivities of the composite materials containing high explosive CL-20 or RDX were much decreased. The positive oxygen balance of ADN and the intensive interactions between ADN and NC can reduce the ignition delay time and promote the burning reaction intensity of NC-based composite fibers, while the mechanical sensitivities of composite fibers could be improved.

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Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Hot Bridge-Wire Ignition of Nanocomposite Aluminum Thermite Synthesized Using Sol-Gel-Derived Aerogel with Tailored Properties for Enhanced Reactivity and Reduced Sensitivity

Hot Bridge-Wire Ignition of Nanocomposite Aluminum Thermite Synthesized Using Sol-Gel-Derived Aerogel with Tailored Properties for Enhanced Reactivity and Reduced Sensitivity

Tailoring Vibrational Signature and Functionality of 2D-Ordered Linear-Chain Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Predictive Performance Enhancement of High-End Energetic Materials

Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers

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