Effect of NaCl and CaCl₂ on growth and contents of minerals, chlorophyll, proline and sugars in the apple rootstock M 4 cultured in vitro

Abstract

The apple (Malus domestica Borkh) rootstock M 4 shoots were grown in vitro for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing three NaCl concentrations (35, 100 and 200 mM) in combination with two CaCl 2 concentrations (5 and 10 mM). Inclusion of 10 mM CaCl 2 in the medium, in the presence of 35 mM NaCl, significantly increased the number of shoots and the fresh mass compared to 5 mM CaCl 2. The number of shoots, length of shoots, and the fresh mass of cultures were very low in the presence of 100 and 200 mM NaCl, independently of CaCl 2 concentration of the medium. By increasing NaCl and CaCl 2 concentrations in the culture medium, contents of N, Na, Cl, proline and soluble sugars in plantlets increased, whereas K, Mg, Β, Zn and chlorophyll content decreased in comparison to the control.

Contribution of putrescine degradation to proline accumulation in soybean leaves under salinity

“…PAs, such as Put and Spd, degraded via DAO (EC: 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO, EC: 1.5.3.11), can contribute to proline accumulation through γ-aminobutyric acid production (Bouchereau et al 1999, Gaspar et al 2000. In some species such as tomato and soybean submitted to salt stress, PA degradation was promoted (Aziz et al 1998, Su et al 2007) and proline content significantly increased (Tonon et al 2004, Sotiropoulos 2007. To our knowledge, not much information is available on a quantitative contribution of PA degradation induced by salt stress to proline accumulation.…”

“…Dry mass was reduced by 3.2, 12.5 and 32.9 % under similar conditions. In order to maintain osmotic equilibrium under salt stress, plants usually accumulate some compatible solutes with low molecular mass such as proline (Ashraf and Harris 2004, Tripathi et al 2007, Sotiropoulos 2007). In our research, an increase of 7-, 13-and 21-fold in proline content was observed relative to the control after 6 d of 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl stress, respectively (Table 1).…”

Response of the cherry rootstock to water stress induced in vitro

“…Thus, the reduced growth rate of explants could be related to decrease in WC, as has already been shown in apple rootstock MM 106 explants . Osmoregulation through the accumulation of cellular solutes, such as proline, has been proposed as a possible means for overcoming water stress (Jain et al 2006, Sotiropoulos 2007). In the current study, the content of proline increased in response to 2 and 4 % PEG (Table 1).…”

Differential expression of LEA proteins in two genotypes of mulberry under salinity

“…Plants have developed different mechanisms to withstand salt stress (Niknam et al 2006, Sotiropoulos et al 2007, Melgar et al 2008. These include alterations in the content of numerous proteins and mRNAs.…”