Effect of N, S Co-doped TiO2 concentration on photocatalytic degradation of phenol

Enhancement of TiO2 activity under visible light by N,S codoping for Pb(II) removal from water

“…Among the existing semiconductor materials, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a very active, low cost, and nontoxic photocatalyst. TiO 2 with a wide gap assigned by Eg 3.20 eV can only be activated under UV light [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and consequently, it is less active under visible light exposure. This deficiency restricts the application of TiO 2 photocatalyst under low cost sunlight, which is mostly composed of visible light [2,8,11].…”

“…This deficiency restricts the application of TiO 2 photocatalyst under low cost sunlight, which is mostly composed of visible light [2,8,11]. The enhancement of TiO 2 activity under visible light by mono-doping [2-6, 9, 10] and co-doping [7,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] has been proven to be the most successful strategy. By doping process, the gap can be narrowed and thus decreasing the Eg of TiO 2 [2-8, 10, 11, 13-15], emerging in the visible radiation.…”

“…For solving such drawback, co-doping TiO 2 with two different non-metal elements has received intensive attention [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16], as with low loading co-dopants can deliver a significant effect on increasing the photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants under visible light [2,15]. Moreover, some studies have also proven that codoped TiO 2 showed higher activity than the corresponding mono-doped [8,11,15].…”

“…Considering the advantages of using N dopant, as presented above, the double elemental dopants of N combined with C [7,12], with P [11], as well as with S dopants [13][14][15][16] have been intensively studied. Due to the pronoun effect shown by double dopants of N and S in the improving photodegradation under visible light exposure, co-doping with N and S is growing of interest [13][14][15][16].…”

“…Considering the advantages of using N dopant, as presented above, the double elemental dopants of N combined with C [7,12], with P [11], as well as with S dopants [13][14][15][16] have been intensively studied. Due to the pronoun effect shown by double dopants of N and S in the improving photodegradation under visible light exposure, co-doping with N and S is growing of interest [13][14][15][16]. Several studies have investigated the codoping TiO 2 with N-S atoms for accelerating the degradation of residual antiinflammatory drug [13], antibiotic residual [14], p-chlorophenol [15], and phenol [16] in the presence of the visible light, and high results have been obtained.…”