Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative on flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Yan, Wei; Yu, Jianxing; Zhang, Mingqiu; Wang, Tao; Wen, Chunzhi; Qin, Shuhao; Huang, Weijiang

doi:10.1007/s10965-018-1472-z

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Hollow symbols are indicative of fiber-incorporated composites with details earlier given in the bottom of Table 1 as a to l notes. Here: FP1-4, FP1-6, FP1-8 [24], DPO-PHE-11.68, DOPO-PHE-12.03 [25], DOPO-T-2.34, DOPO-T-4.67, DOPO-T-6.99, DOPO-T-9.34 [26], AEPP-5, AEPP-10, AEPP-15 [27], DiDOPO-3 [28], DiDOPO-10, DiDOPO-11 [29], DiDOPO-7 [30], DiDOPO-1, DiDOPO-5, DiDOPO-10 [31], DiDOPO-1, DiDOPO-5, DiDOPO-10, DiDOPO-15, DiDOPO-20 [32], PPMS-15, PPMS-EG-15 [33], PPMS-MWCNT-5, PPMS-MWCNT-10, PPMS-MWCNT-15, PPMS-15 [34], DPIPP-7.5, DPIPP-15, DPPIO-7.5, DPPIO-15 [35], IDOP-5, IDOP-10, IDOP-15 [36], PPAP-5 [37], AlPBu-10, AlPBu-11, AlPBu-12 [38], MPL-DOPO-2.5, MPL-DOPO-5, DDM-DOPO-2.5, DDM-DOPO-5 [39], ATZ-6 [40], P-KC-30, DOPO-30 [41], DHPP-OH-BAC-5, DHPP-OH-BAC-10, DHPP-OH-BAC-15 [42], PPAP-5, PPAP-10, PPAP-20 [43], [Dmim]Tos-2.4, [Dmim]Tos-4, [Dmim]Tos-7.5 [44], MPhP-10, MPhP-15, MPhP-20 [45], MDOP-0.96, MDOP-1.9, MDOP-3.75, MDOP-7.24 [46], AlPi-7, MPP-7 [47], A-BP-9 [48], CLEP–DOPO–POSS-2.91 [19], CuPP-1, CuPP-2, CuPP-4, CuPP-6, CuPP-8 [49], DOP-ABZ-15, DOP-ABZ-17.5, DOP-ABZ-20 [50], DOPO-7.11, BPD-3.38, BPD-6.71, BPD-10.04, BPD-13.41 […”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

et al. 2019

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Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

et al. 2019

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“…The bridged DOPO derivatives have the feature of high melting point that can prevent FR degradation caused by transfinite local temperature in melt processing . And the combination of DiDOPO with multiwalled carbon nanotubes or montmorillonite is an effective way in developing high‐performance resins with attractive FR performance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic polyurethane/polytetrafluoroethylene/bridged dopo derivative composites: Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A phenethyl‐bridged DOPO derivative (DiDOPO) is combined with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The flame retardancy and thermal stability of TPU/PTFE/DiDOPO composites with different weight percentages of DiDOPO are investigated by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimetry test (CCT), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). With the incorporation of 8 wt% DiDOPO, the LOI value of TPU/PTFE/DiDOPO composites increases to 34.0% from 25.4% of TPU, and the V‐0 rating level is achieved. The CCT results indicate that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of TPU/PTFE/DiDOPO composites decrease due to the addition of DiDOPO and PTFE. The thermal decomposition process of TPU is changed due to the present of DiDOPO and PTFE. Based on this, the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method for the determination of characteristic degradation kinetics parameters is evaluated. SEM results and residues from TGA curves show that the addition of DiDOPO promotes the increase in the char layer and a crosslinked char coating exists after burning. The flame‐retardant mechanism is flame inhibition. Overall, these findings indicate that the combination of DiDOPO with PTFE in TPU is an effective way in developing high‐performance resins with attractive flame retardancy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1593–1602 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…As for EP/EDPO‐P‐0.9 and EP/HTP‐6123‐P‐0.9, the decrease in av‐EHC and increase in TSR can attributed to the existence of PO˙ and phenoxy free radicals, which act as H˙ and OH˙ scavengers. This also indicates that EDPO and HTP‐6123 can act through the gas phase flame retardant mechanism . For EP/HPCTP‐P‐0.9, the decreases in both av‐EHC and TSR may be attributed to the barrier effect of the carbon layer formed during the combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Based on the above results, it can be found that EDPO plays a role in the gas phase flame retardant mechanism. The increase in the aromatic ring‐containing compounds absorption can be attributed to the additional decomposition of EDPO, and the increase of the absorption at 1256 cm −1 may be attributable to the PO group produced during thermal decomposition …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During recent years, phosphorus‐containing flame retardants such as 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives; red phosphorus (RP); hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and its derivatives; ammonium polyphosphate (APP); and aluminum diethylphosphinate (OP) have been used as halogen‐free flame retardants for EP modification. Many works were carried out using DOPO, HPCTP, and their derivatives as flame retardants for EP, due to good flame retardancy and acceptable impacts on the various properties of EP . Zhang and coauthors reported four‐functional flame retardants prepared from HPCTP or DOPO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Wei

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Three commercialized flame retardants, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)ethane (EDPO), 6,6-(1,2-phenethyl)bis-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6,6-dioxide (HTP-6123), and hexa-phenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), were used to prepare the flame retardant diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP) under the same experimental conditions. The effects of T g , thermal stability, and water absorption properties of EP caused by the three flame retardants were investigated and compared, together with their flame retardant efficiency. Results showed that the introduction of the three flame retardants improved the flame retardant performance of EP but led to decreases in T g and decomposition temperature. EDPO showed higher flame retardant efficiency than the other two flame retardants. EP/EDPO showed higher thermal stability, better flame retardant performance, higher T g value, and lower water absorption than EP/HTP-6123 and EP/HPCTP. The study discovered that EDPO and HTP-6123 primarily act through the gas phase flame retardant mechanism, while HPCTP is primarily driven by the condensed phase mechanism. K E Y W O R D S diphenylphosphine oxide, DOPO, epoxy resin, flame retardant, hexa-phenoxycyclotriphosphazene

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Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative on flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

Thermoplastic polyurethane/polytetrafluoroethylene/bridged dopo derivative composites: Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties

Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

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