Effect of multiple fuel injection strategies on mixture formation and combustion in a hydrogen-fueled rotary range extender for battery electric vehicles

Zambalov, Sergey; Yakovlev, Igor; Maznoy, Anatoly

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113097

Cited by 53 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Figure 10 shows the configuration of RE-ER. Hydrogen combustion in a RE was carried out by Zambolov et al [68], which complements the research about REs.…”

Section: Rotatory Engine Extended Range (Re-er)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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For smart cities using clean energy, optimal energy management has made the development of electric vehicles more popular. However, the fear of range anxiety—that a vehicle has insufficient range to reach its destination—is slowing down the adoption of EVs. The integration of an auxiliary power unit (APU) can extend the range of a vehicle, making them more attractive to consumers. The increased interest in optimizing electric vehicles is generating research around range extenders. These days, many systems and configurations of extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs) have been proposed to recover energy. However, it is necessary to summarize all those efforts made by researchers and industry to find the optimal solution regarding range extenders. This paper analyzes the most relevant technologies that recover energy, the current topologies and configurations of EREVs, and the state-of-the-art in control methods used to manage energy. The analysis presented mainly focuses on finding maximum fuel economy, reducing emissions, minimizing the system’s costs, and providing optimal driving performance. Our summary and evaluation of range extenders for electric vehicles seeks to guide researchers and automakers to generate new topologies and configurations for EVs with optimized range, improved functionality, and low emissions.

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“…Figure 10 shows the configuration of RE-ER. Hydrogen combustion in a RE was carried out by Zambolov et al [68], which complements the research about REs.…”

Section: Rotatory Engine Extended Range (Re-er)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…At the same initial moment of hydrogen injection, but with different nozzle diameters and hydrogen injection pressures, in order to achieve the same equivalence ratio, it is necessary to control the end time of hydrogen injection [32]. The hydrogen injection starts at 404°CA, and the end of hydrogen injection under different operating conditions is known to be before the piston reaches the top dead center.…”

Section: Impact On Alleviating Intake Blockage In Hydrogen Internal C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Hydrogen Injection Flow Rate for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines Based on IQGA

Guo

Wang

2023

jest

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The density of hydrogen is extremely low, and during fuel supply, hydrogen gas will rapidly expand from the hydrogen injection port into the intake duct, leading to air supply blockage. To eliminate intake blockage in hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines and improve their overall performance. This article investigates the effects of different hydrogen injection rates (hydrogen injection pressure and nozzle diameter) on the performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines at low speeds, based on an improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) and a combination weighting method. The results show that compared with the standard quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), IQGA has faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy. By using IQGA to optimize the nozzle diameter and hydrogen injection pressure, it can be concluded that when 3mm and 1.5bar are selected for hydrogen internal combustion engines, intake blockage is less likely to occur; Changing the nozzle diameter and hydrogen injection pressure separately has a significant impact on the flow state of the mixed gas in the inlet duct, and the nozzle diameter has a more significant effect on the inlet blockage than the hydrogen injection pressure. The coupling effect of the two is reflected in the impact of the hydrogen injection mass flow rate on the flow state of the mixed gas in the inlet duct. There is a strict linear relationship between the hydrogen injection mass flow rate and the maximum return flow rate. When the hydrogen injection mass flow rate is not higher than 2.29kg/h, before the inlet valve is closed, No intake back flow occurs; through the combination weighting method, it can be concluded that the comprehensive performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines is the best when the nozzle diameter is 5mm and the hydrogen injection pressure is 3bar.

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“…In addition, BEVs have their own drawbacks such as the limited driving range, long battery charging time, and battery safety 6 . Although the development of near‐zero‐emission vehicles is still a big challenge, EVs fueled by renewable energy are the desirable choice since they emit only natural byproducts such as water rather than GHGs, consequently improving the air quality and human health 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

Luo

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The transportation sector consumes a large amount of fossil fuels consequently exacerbating the global environmental and energy crisis. Fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) are promising alternatives in the continuous transition to clean energy. This article summarizes the recent advances pertaining to the optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles, especially the fuel cell + battery hybrid topology, and discusses current technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs. The development of HEVs, markets, environmental and economic benefits, components, topologies, energy management strategies, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are reviewed. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells constitute the mainstream and most mature fuel cell technology for automobile applications. Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available FCHEV topological designs to improve the dynamic response and recover the braking energy. Energy management strategies encompassing logic rule‐based simple methods, intelligent control methods, global optimization strategies, and local optimization strategies are described, and issues and challenges encountering FCHEVs are discussed. In addition to promoting the construction of hydrogen supply facilities, future efforts are expected to focus on solving problems such as the high cost, durability of fuel cells, cold start, lifetime of batteries, security and comfort, system optimization, energy management systems, integration, and diagnosis of faults. This review serves as a reference and guide for future technological development and commercialization of FCHEVs. Highlights Advances of the optimization and cutting‐edge design of FCHEVs are reviewed. Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available topological designs. Benefits, components, topologies, and energy management strategies are described. Markets, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are introduced. Technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs are discussed.

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Effect of multiple fuel injection strategies on mixture formation and combustion in a hydrogen-fueled rotary range extender for battery electric vehicles

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

Optimization of Hydrogen Injection Flow Rate for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines Based on IQGA

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

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