Effect of multifunctional irrigation on grape quality: a case study in Northern Italy

Abstract

In recent decades, worldwide wine-growing regions have been affected by increasingly more frequent effects of climate change, such as long period of droughts during the growing season, summer heat waves, and late spring frost events, thus causing concern for the grape quality and production. In this context, it is necessary to develop innovative agronomic practices to counter the various negative effects from those extreme weather events, by equipping the vineyards with effective and reliable multifunctional systems, which are also economically sustainable. Particularly, a multifunctional irrigation system can be used to reduce the risk of extreme weather events and, at the same time, to improve quality and quantity of grape production, reducing their inter-annual variability as well, by providing an optimized plant water nutrition. In a vineyard situated south of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), a multifunctional irrigation system equipped with drippers and mini-sprinklers (the latter to protect from both late spring frost and summer high-temperature event) was assessed. The results obtained for the growing season 2020–21 showed that the optimized drip irrigation reduced water consumption without affecting the grape yield, both in quantity and quality. The frost protection operated by mini-sprinklers increased the air temperature at bud’s level of about 1 °C, suggesting a positive effect on plant production. Finally, in 2020, must quality was positively affected by summer sprinkler irrigation, increasing the levels of malic acid and titratable acidity of over 0.7 g L−1 while lowered total soluble solids. Further activities in the 2022 season intend to better assess the water use efficiency of this promising multifunctional system.

Use of an automatic fruit-zone cooling system to cope with multiple summer stresses in Sangiovese and Montepulciano grapes

“…Despite the elevated temperatures, the system performed effectively by not only cooling the air near the clusters but also maintaining the temperature of the clusters below the 35°C thermal threshold during heatwaves. These results are in line with those obtained by other similar devices designed to preserve water resources ( Greer and Weedon, 2014 ; Caravia et al., 2016 ; Bianchi et al., 2023 ). In detail, the fruit-zone cooling system showed some innovative features: it minimized water usage through real-time thermo-hygrometric data readings (approximately 1 mm of water per hour), operated automatically and employed an advanced Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for precise misting.…”

Using water for best product quality in fruit and nut trees and vines

“…However, chloride and sodium accumulation in the leaves in the third year indicate this strategy may not be sustainable in the longer term. Bianchi et al (2023) examined the impact of a multifaceted irrigation system that applied water through both drip irrigation and mini-sprinklers, with the sprinklers designed to provide protection against frost and extreme heat waves. They found that the mini-sprinklers increased bud temperature by 1 °C during frost events, suggesting protection.…”