Effect of multiaxial bending-torsion loading on fracture surface parameters in high-strength steels processed by conventional and additive manufacturing

Macek, Wojciech; Branco, R.; Trembacz, Jarosław; Ferreira, José Pedro; Capela, C.

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104784

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The strong correlation between river marks and functional properties of implant allows one to estimate the degree of material degradation. Following Griffith’s seminal work [ 8 ] concerning a model predicting the crack initiation, subsequent investigators added to the understanding of plasticity [ 9 ], toughness [ 10 ], and complex geometries [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In orthopedic, fracture mechanics has been exploited to study microstructural damage and energy at the implant-bone interface [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Guo

2021

Materials

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The development of crack patterns is a serious problem affecting the durability of orthopedic implants and the prognosis of patients. This issue has gained considerable attention in the medical community in recent years. This literature focuses on the five primary aspects relevant to the evaluation of the surface cracking patterns, i.e., inappropriate use, design flaws, inconsistent elastic modulus, allergic reaction, poor compatibility, and anti-corrosiveness. The hope is that increased understanding will open doors to optimize fabrication for biomedical applications. The latest technological issues and potential capabilities of implants that combine absorbable materials and shape memory alloys are also discussed. This article will act as a roadmap to be employed in the realm of orthopedic. Fatigue crack growth and the challenges associated with materials must be recognized to help make new implant technologies viable for wider clinical adoption. This review presents a summary of recent findings on the fatigue mechanisms and fracture of implant in the initial period after surgery. We propose solutions to common problems. The recognition of essential complications and technical problems related to various approaches and material choices while satisfying clinical requirements is crucial. Additional investigation will be needed to surmount these challenges and reduce the likelihood of fatigue crack growth after implantation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Guo

2021

Materials

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“…Owing to its high mechanical properties, this material is also suitable for short production runs, as well as for prototyping machine parts requiring high resistance to corrosion and wear. In recent years one can observe a growing interest in additive manufacturing (AM) components made of austenitic [3] and martensitic [4] stainless steels, as well as high-strength [5] and other steels [6]. Numerous studies have shown that in spite of applying optimum printing parameters recommended by manufacturers of direct metal laser sintering systems, 3D-printed products exhibit typical surface defects and discontinuities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Walczak

Szala

2021

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Components produced by additive manufacturing (AM) via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have typical as-fabricated surface defects. As a result, surface properties of AM products should be modified to increase their strength, anti-wear behaviour, and at the same time to ensure their high corrosion resistance. Surface modification via shot peening is considered suitable for additive manufacturing of medical devices made of 17-4PH stainless steel. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of shot peening pressures (0.3 MPa and 0.6 MPa) and three types of blasting media (CrNi steel shot, nutshell granules and ceramic beads) on the tribological characteristics and corrosion resistance of specimens of DMLS 17-4PH stainless steel. Results demonstrated that shot peening caused steel microstructure refinement and—except for the nutshell shot-peened specimens—induced both martensite (α) formation and retained austenite (γ) reduction. 17-4PH specimens peened with steel and ceramic shots showed the highest increase in surface hardening by approx. ~ 119% (from 247 to 542 HV), which significantly improved their wear resistance. The highest mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance) and corrosion resistance were obtained for the surfaces modified using the following media: ceramic beads > CrNi steel shot > nutshell granules. Adhesive and fatigue wear were two predominant mechanisms of tribological deterioration. Results demonstrated that the application of shot peening using ceramic beads led to grain size refinement from 22.0 to 14.6 nm and surface roughness reduction, which in turn resulted in higher corrosion resistance of the material. DMLS 17-4PH specimens modified by shot peening using ceramic beads and a pressure of 0.6 MPa exhibited the optimum surface morphology, hardness and microstructure, and thus improved wear and corrosion performance.

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“…Moreover, after 30 h of testing damaged areas were analysed using stick profilometer Form Talysurf Series 50 mm Intra (Taylor Hobson Ltd., Leicester, UK). The surface roughness parameters: arithmetical mean height (S a ) and maximum height (S z ) [ 48 , 49 ] were determined according to the ISO 25178 standard [ 50 ]. To state the effect of the cavitation load on the phase transformations, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted before and after the total time of CE testing (30 h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

et al. 2021

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From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5 × 1016 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ε(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ε-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ε martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of γ phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.

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Effect of multiaxial bending-torsion loading on fracture surface parameters in high-strength steels processed by conventional and additive manufacturing

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

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