Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as reinforced fibres on tribological behaviour of Ni–P electroless coatings

Electroless Nanocomposite Coatings: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Applications

“…In addition, it helps to introduce carboxyl, aldehyde, and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the CNTs/MWCNTs [7,8]. However, acid treatment alone is not considered as sufficient since even after acid treatment, the length of the CNTs/MWCNTs is reasonably longer, and most of them are entwined with each other [7]. Ball milling is suggested as an option to decrease the length of the CNTs/MWCNTs.…”

“…In addition, impurities such as silica and amorphous carbon should be removed. Mostly, an acidic solution is recommended for the pretreatment of CNTs/MWCNTs, and it eliminates these impurities [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, it helps to introduce carboxyl, aldehyde, and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the CNTs/MWCNTs [7,8].…”

“…Ball milling is suggested as an option to decrease the length of the CNTs/MWCNTs. Ball milling using hardened steel balls (~12 mm ∅) as the milling medium, with a weight ratio of the steel balls to CNTs/MWCNTs as 50:1, at 200-500 rpm for 10-20 h makes the CNTs/MWCNTs shorter and straighter [7,10,12]. The TEM images of MWNTs after acid treatment and subsequent ball milling are shown in Fig.…”

Plasma And Cold Sprayed Aluminum Carbon Nanotube Composites: Quantification Of Nanotube Distribution And Multi-Scale Mechanical Properties

“…Increasing beyond the optimized bath composition resulted in reduction of CNT content of coating due to agglomeration of CNTs in the bath. Uniformly distributed and deeply embedded CNTs were reported in some of the studies [127,128,130,135], while some studies report presence of CNTclusters [118]. Other than coatings, synthesis of one-dimensional composites of CNT coated with Co [123] and Ni and Ni-alloys [121,129] by electroless deposition technique have also been reported.…”

“…There are only few studies on Co-CNT [21], Ni-Fe-P alloy [136] and Ni-Cu-P alloy [135]. Agitation of the bath during processing and ball milling of the CNTs prior to mixing in the bath have been proposed as solution for improved CNT dispersion [120,121,124,128]. The mechanism of deposition in electroless process is based on thermochemistry of the system.…”