Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on DC electrical conductivity and acetone vapour sensing properties of polypyrrole

Conductive polythiophene/graphitic-carbon nitride nanocomposite for the detection of ethanol mixing in petrol

“…The equation applied for calculating the relative DC electrical conductivity (s r,t ) at constant temperature was: s r,t = s t /s 0 (2) in this equation, s t and s 0 is represent the DC electrical conductivities at time 't' and '0', respectively. [50][51][52][53] It is clearly noticeable from Fig. 7(a) that PTh exhibited thermally stable electrical conductivity at temperatures 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C.…”

“…The equation applied for calculating the relative DC electrical conductivity ( σ r, t ) at constant temperature was: σ r, t = σ t / σ 0 in this equation, σ t and σ 0 is represent the DC electrical conductivities at time ‘ t ’ and ‘0’, respectively. 50–53…”

“…The equation applied for calculating the relative DC electrical conductivity ( σ r ) was: σ r = σ T / σ 50 where: σ T and σ 50 is representative of the DC electrical conductivities at temperatures T and 50 °C. 50–53…”

“…The % sensing response ( S ) is calculated by the following equation: S = (Δ σ / σ i ) × 100where, σ i and Δ σ are representative of the initial DC electrical conductivity as well as change in DC electrical conductivity during complete exposure of gas respectively. 33,50,51…”

“…The equation applied for calculating the relative DC electrical conductivity (s r ) was: where: s T and s 50 is representative of the DC electrical conductivities at temperatures T and 50 °C. [50][51][52][53] The DC electrical conductivity of both the samples were recorded by four consecutive cycles with continuously rise in temperature up to 130 °C. These ndings revealed that DC electrical conductivity increased steadily in each cycle and followed a same pattern in both of the samples (PTh and PTh/g-C 3 N 4 ), which may be attributed to the high movability of polarons at elevated temperatures.…”