Effect of Mulches on Microclimate and Turf Establishment<sup>1</sup>

Barkley, D G; Blaser, R. E.; Schmidt, R. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700020016x

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Certain mulches such as Turfiber, a natural wood cellulose fiber, can increase soil moisture, reduce extreme high soil temperature, and increase turfgrass seedling establishment (Barkley et al, 1965). While several mulches reduced soil evaporation and eliminated weed growth, alfalfa hay and certain turfgrass clippings were more effective at weed suppression than oat straw (Shearman et al, 1979).…”

Section: Turfgrass Selection and Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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Cultural management of weeds in turfgrass is the use of mowing, fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, planting, and turfgrass selection to affect weed populations. There is consensus in the literature on a few cultural factors influencing some weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Taller mowing height, 4 to 8 cm, depending on turfgrass, reduces populations of crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and fescues (Festuca spp.). A high rate of N fertilization (100–300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) reduces populations of crabgrasses, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers), and other broadleaf weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be favored by this high rate of fertilization. Fertilization of turfgrasses when they are not actively growing increases weeds. Slow‐growing grasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have more weeds at high N fertilization rate. Environmental stresses including drought injury, unnecessary aeration or vertical mowing, biotic stress such as nematode and insect herbivory, and diseases contribute to weed colonization. Adapted cultivars and species of turfgrasses that are genetically resistant to biotic and environmental stresses have the fewest weed problems. Adapted turfgrasses can sometimes be effectively managed in the absence of herbicides, especially if they are well established. The generalized mechanisms for cultural management of weeds are poorly understood. Research is needed on optimizing the choices of herbicide and/or cultural practices as part of an integrated management system for turfgrass.

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Section: Turfgrass Selection and Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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“…It prevents the occurrence of extreme temperatures, especially the high temperatures on the soil surface, and improves the soil moisture conditions (Unger, 1978a;Schuman et al, 1998). According to Barkley et al (1965) the above factors prolong the germination period and maximize the germination. Moreover, the advantages are significant for vegetation establishment and survival in conditions such as encountered in the sterile materials of mine exploitations, where soil humidity is the main limiting factor (Packer, 1974;Tackett et al, 1983), and mulching improves the soil-water content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain, central Greece

Brofas¹,

Karetsos²

2002

Land Degrad Dev

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The reforestation potential of calcareous bauxite mining spoils by seeding was examined on experimental plot established at Strofi Koukouvista 5, Mount Ghiona in Central Greece. The experiment consists of three species (Pinus nigra, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Spartium junceum) with four sowing treatments and two sowing seasons (autumn and spring). The treatments were: broadcasting (B); broadcasting and soil cultivation (BC); broadcasting with straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BM); broadcasting with soil cultivation, straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BCM). In all cases sowing in spring was better than in autumn. Only Spartium junceum has germinated and survived in autumn, but less than in spring. The most effective treatments for Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus nigra are BM and BCM while for Spartium junceum even simple broadcasting shows good results although the best are achieved with treatments BC, BM and BCM. The findings show that reforestation by sowing could be effective for some species, but further experimentation with other species and methods is recommended.

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“…For example, at the surface of mineral soil amplitude differences between P2 and P1 ranged from 5 ºC on day D to 6.7 ºC on day W. Since no differences between profiles were found at greater depths, gradients of thermal amplitudes along the Ah horizon were considerably lower in P1 than in P2. The litter layer reduced both the heating of the mineral soil underneath during the day and the cooling during the night, probably because the porosity of the layer strongly decreases its thermal conductivity (Barkley et al, 1965). The effect of the litter layer on the daily fluctuation of soil temperature must be taken into account in models predicting forest soil temperature, as does the model presented by Kang et al (2000), particularly in cool regions, where litter layers are thick due to the low decomposition rates.…”

Section: Thermal Wave Damping With Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of litter layer removal on the soil thermal regime of a pine forest in a mediterranean climate

Andrade

Abreu

Madeira

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYThe removal of the litter layer in Portuguese pine forests would reduce fire hazard, but on the other hand this practice would influence the thermal regime of the soil, hence affecting soil biological activity, litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. Temperature profiles of a sandy soil (Haplic Podzol) under a pine forest were measured with thermocouples at depths to 16 cm, with and without litter layer. The litter layer acted as a thermal insulator, reducing the amplitude of the periodic temperature variation in the mineral soil underneath and increasing damping depths, particularly at low soil water contents. At the mineral soil surface the reduction of amplitudes was about 2.5 ºC in the annual cycle and 5 to 6.7 ºC in the daily cycle, depending on the soil water content. When soil was both cold and wet, mean daily soil temperatures were higher (about 1 -1.5 ºC) under the litter layer. Improved soil thermal conditions under the litter layer recommend its retention as a forest management practice to follow in general.Index terms: soil temperature, Fourier series, damping depth.(1) Received for publication in May 2010 and approved in July 2010.

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Effect of Mulches on Microclimate and Turf Establishment¹

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain, central Greece

Influence of litter layer removal on the soil thermal regime of a pine forest in a mediterranean climate

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Effect of Mulches on Microclimate and Turf Establishment1

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain, central Greece

Influence of litter layer removal on the soil thermal regime of a pine forest in a mediterranean climate

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Effect of Mulches on Microclimate and Turf Establishment¹