Effect of mountain ultra-marathon running on plasma angiopoietin-like protein 4 and lipid profile in healthy trained men

Abstract

Purpose Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase activity and stimulating lipolysis in adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to find out whether the mountain ultra-marathon running influences plasma ANGPTL4 and whether it is related to plasma lipid changes. Methods Ten healthy men (age 31 ± 1.1 years) completed a 100-km ultra-marathon running. Plasma ANGPTL4, free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerols (TG), glycerol (Gly), total cholesterol (TC), low (LDL-C) and high (HDL-C) density lipoproteincholesterol were determined before, immediately after the run and after 90 min of recovery. Results Plasma ANGPTL4 increased during exercise from 68.0 ± 16.5 to 101.2 ± 18.1 ng/ml (p < 0.001). This was accompanied by significant increases in plasma FFA, Gly, HDL-C and decreases in plasma TG concentrations (p < 0.01). After 90 min of recovery, plasma ANGPTL4 and TG did not differ significantly from the exercise values, while plasma FFA, Gly, TC and HDL-C were significantly lower than immediately after the run. TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C molar ratios were significantly reduced. The exercise-induced changes in plasma ANGPTL4 correlated positively with those of FFA (r = 0.73; p < 0.02), and HDL-C (r = 0.69; p < 0.05). Positive correlation was found also between plasma ANGPTL4 and FFA concentrations after 90 min of recovery (r = 0.77; p < 0.01). Conclusions The present data suggest that increase in plasma FFA during mountain ultra-marathon run may be involved in plasma ANGPTL4 release and that increase in ANGPTL4 secretion may be a compensatory mechanism against fatty acidinduced oxidative stress. Increase in plasma HDL-C observed immediately after the run may be due to the protective effect of ANGPTL4 on HDL. Keywords ANGPTL4 • Ultra-marathon • Triacylglycerols • Free fatty acids • Cholesterol Abbreviations ANGPTL4 Angiopoietin like protein 4 FFA Free fatty acids Gly Glycerol HDL High-density lipoprotein HDL-C High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol LPL Lipoprotein lipase LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol TC Total cholesterol TG Triacylglycerols VLDL Very low-density lipoproteins VO 2max Maximal oxygen uptake

ANGPTL4, IL-6 and TNF-α as regulators of lipid metabolism during a marathon run

“…Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between exercise-induced increases in plasma ANGPL4 and those of plasma IL-6, TNF-α, FFA and Gly. The positive relationship between exercise-induced changes in plasma ANGPTL4 and those of plasma FFA shown in this study confirmed the data obtained in our previous investigation performed in healthy young men during a mountain ultra-marathon run 40 . We argued then that the elevated level of ANGPTL4 increased plasma FFA and the raised FFA would boost the release of ANGPTL4.…”

“…Whole-blood samples were used to measure lactate (LA) concentration and the hematocrit. The 90-min recovery period was selected based on the data from the available literature 39 , 40 .…”

“…The statistical analysis was performed according to the previously presented scheme 40 . The data are presented as means with standard errors (SEM).…”

The importance of aerobic capacity and nutrition in recreational master mountain runners’ performance and race-induced changes in body composition and biochemical blood indices

“…Significant changes in body composition parameters and metabolic/muscle damage-related blood markers have been repeatedly reported after endurance and ultra-endurance races. 3,[13][14][15][16]18,21,26,33,[40][41][42][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] These changes are closely related to race distance 50 and race pace reduction, at least in marathon and ultra-marathon young runners. 48,55 The results of this study indicate, for the first time, that in a given trail length, the time needed to complete a mountain trail race, which is determined also by the race pace, is closely associated with race-induced changes in body composition and metabolic/muscle damage-related blood markers in recreational master mountain runners.…”

Expression of angiopoietin-like 4 fibrinogen-like domain (cANGPTL4) increases risk of brain metastases in women with breast cancer

“…The native full-length protein (FLANGPLT4), composed of 406 amino acids, is proteolytically cleaved into two fragments, a N-terminal coiled-coil domain (nANGPTL4) encompassing amino-acid 1 to 170, and an ANG/fibrinogen-like C-terminal domain (cANGPTL4) encompassing amino-acid 171 to 406 (Supplementary Figure 1). This proteolytic cleavage of FLANGPTL4 at the -RRXR-cleavage site by proprotein convertases depends on the tissue in which ANGPTL4 is synthesized and on the physiological or pathological circumstances [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”