Effect of morphology and support of copper nanoparticles on basic ovarian granulosa cell functions

Abstract

The aim of this survey is to explore the possible effects of unsupported (CuNPs) and supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs/support) of different morphologies on basic ovarian

Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals

“…In this case, the plant additive was first added to the cell culture and, after 10–15 min, CuNPs/TiO 2 was added to the resulting medium. These doses correspond to those of CuNPs that can be ingested and that have been applied in previous animal experiments, both in vivo and in vitro [ 20 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. The dose of the plant additives was selected on the basis of the doses used in the corresponding previous in vitro experiments [ 41 , 43 , 45 , 49 , 50 ].…”

“…Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the presence of PCNA and bax in the cells, as described previously [ 19 , 20 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], by means of primary monoclonal antibodies against PCNA and bax (dilution 1:500; from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), secondary swine antibodies against mouse IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase (dilution 1:1000; Servac, Prague, Czech Republic) and visualized by DAB-substrate staining (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Manheim, Germany). In some cases, the assay was validated by these primary antibodies and secondary polyclonal goat antibodies against mouse IgGs, labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, dilution 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Figure 1 ).…”

“…Progesterone, testosterone, and 17 β -estradiol concentrations were determined from 25 µL aliquots of the incubation medium through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), utilizing ELISA’s kits (LDN Immunoassays and Services, Nodhorn, Germany), following the instructions of the manufacturer. The details of the assay were reported previously [ 20 ]. Validation of all the assays was accomplished by dilution tests of culture medium samples.…”

“…Some studies revealed that copper can have an important role in stimulating porcine pituitary gonadotropin secretion [ 15 ], on the ovulation rate [ 18 ], release of insulin-like growth factor I and progesterone, and on the suppressed apoptosis and proliferation in cultured granulosa cells [ 15 , 19 ]. Recent in vitro studies demonstrated both positive and adverse effects of various unsupported and supported CuNPs on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and steroid hormones release in porcine ovarian granulosa cells [ 20 ]. Therefore, it is desirable to synthesize proper CuNPs that can be applied with minimal toxic effects.…”

“…We have been involved in the development of methods to prepare metal nanoparticles [ 21 ], copper nanoparticles among them [ 22 ], which have found application as chemical catalysts either unsupported [ 23 ] or supported on a variety of inorganic supports, including zeolite Y [ 24 ], charcoal [ 25 ], and titania [ 26 ]. A previous comparison of CuNPs of different size, morphology, and inorganic support enabled us [ 20 ] to identify CuNPs supported on titania nanopowder (CuNPs/TiO 2 ) as a nanoparticle combination with a potent direct effect on ovarian cells.…”