Effect of morphology and concentration on capping ability of surfactant in shape controlled synthesis of PbS nano- and micro-crystals

Singh, Kulbir; McLachlan, Aleisha A.; Marangoni, D. Gerrard

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.04.033

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These structures include nanotubes, nanowires, cubes, octahedrons, flower structures, sheet-like shape, dendrite and macrostar-like hierarchical structures. Synthesis techniques generally include hydrothermal, solvothermal, chemical or thermal decomposition routes with conventional surfactants or capping molecules that act as a directing factor to regulate the size and the shape of the synthesized NPs [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Synthesis of Aminocaproic Acid-Capped Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles

Patel¹,

Mighri

Ajji³

2012

MSA

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Aminocaproic acid (ACA) mixed methanolic lead acetate-thiourea (PbAc-TU) complex as precursor for fabrication of lead sulphide (PbS) nanoparticles (NPs) has been explained. The size, structure and morphology of as-prepared ACAcapped PbS NPs were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Uv-vis spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. The obtained results show that the synthesized PbS NPs are nanocrystalline, size quantized and their agglomeration shows a mesoporous network of 8.7 nm in pore size. The binding nature of ACA molecules on PbS surface was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) techniques. Results indicate that ACA acts as a soft template that restricts the growth of PbS NPs through its binding to Pb surface via nitrogen lone pair.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Synthesis of Aminocaproic Acid-Capped Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles

Patel¹,

Mighri

Ajji³

2012

MSA

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“…Various galena shapes and chemical compositions are reported in natural environments [49]. Laboratory growth experiments show that the shape and chemistry of galena crystals can be controlled by several factors among which time, temperature and concentration of elements in the solvent [44][45][46]50]. All these previous studies might be useful for understanding the growth process in the SHEx at Soultz, even though the chemistry of the solution and other parameters are different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling in a Geothermal Heat Exchanger at Soultz-Sous-Forêts (Upper Rhine Graben, France): A XRD and SEM-EDS Characterization of Sulfide Precipitates

et al. 2021

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The Soultz-Sous-Forêts geothermal site (France) operates three deep wells for electricity production. During operation, scales precipitate within the surface installation as (Ba, Sr) sulfate and (Pb, As, Sb) sulfide types. Scales have an impact on lowering energy production and inducing specific waste management issues. Thus scaling needs to be reduced for which a thorough characterization of the scales has to be performed. The geothermal brine is produced at 160 °C and reinjected at 70 °C during normal operation. In the frame of the H2020 MEET project, a small heat exchanger was tested in order to allow higher energy production, by reinjecting the geothermal fluid at 40 °C. Samples of scales were analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS, highlighting that mostly galena precipitates and shows various crystal shapes. These shapes can be related to the turbulence of the flow and the speed of crystal growth. Where the flow is turbulent (entrance, water box, exit), crystals grow quickly and mainly show dendritic shape. In the tubes, where the flow is laminar, crystals grow more slowly and some of them are characterized by well-developed faces leading to cubes and derived shapes. The major consequence of the temperature decrease is the increased scaling phenomenon.

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“…Surfactants, which are widely used as crystal-morphology-control reagents [17][18][19][20], can greatly reduce the surface tension, increase the diffusion coefficient of the solute and the viscosity of the reaction solution, and then reduce the rates of nucleation and crystal growth; these effects are conducive to primary explosive crystallization [21][22][23][24][25]. Based on the theoretical simulation results for ZnCP, the control reagents should have active H atoms in their functional groups.…”

Section: Selection Of Crystal-morphology-control Reagentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological control of zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate crystals: Theoretical and experimental study

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The theoretical crystal-morphology of zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate (ZnCP) was studied using the morphology simulation software. The growth trends and surface characteristics were calculated using the Bravais-Friedel-Donnay-Harker (BFDH), Growth Morphology, and Equilibrium Morphology methods; these provide theoretical guidance for the choice of crystal-control reagents. On the basis of the simulations, experiments were carried out to study the effects of five different crystal-control reagents, including carboxymethylcellulose (A), polyacrylamide (B), dextrin (C), Tween 40 (D), and Tween 60 (E), in the control of the crystal-morphology of ZnCP. Mixtures of two reagents and higher temperatures were used to further optimize the ZnCP crystals. The results show that ZnCP crystals are well dispersed, and have a large apparent density and regular crystal-morphology under the control of a mixture of reagents A and E in a mass ratio of 1:4 at 80°C. The crystal-morphology of an energetic material has a direct effect on its physical properties such as fluidity, apparent density, electrostatic accumulation, and pressure resistance, and even has an important impact on its chemical and explosive properties such as stability, detonation ability, and sensitivity [1,2]. Generally, a material with a smooth surface, uniform particles, and spherical crystals has many advantages over needle-or twig-like irregular crystals, such as good fluidity, high apparent density (more than 0.8 g/cm 3 ), low sensitivity, and stable performance [3,4]. A fine crystal-morphology plays an important role in the safety and stability of a material [5][6][7]. Methods for controlling crystal-morphology can therefore be used to regulate nucleation and crystal growth during the crystallization process to increase the production and use of security of energetic materials, and improve their energy output performances [8][9][10][11][12]. Zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate ([Zn(CHZ) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , ZnCP) is a new green energetic coordination compound that excludes toxic heavy metals [13]. However, ZnCP crystals prepared using traditional synthetic techniques are too small, fragmented, and irregular, and have poor fluidity and a small apparent density (less than 0.7 g/cm 3 ), leading to weak explosive power. Crystal-morphology control using a crystalcontrol reagent would improve the crystal quality, and enable ZnCP to be used as a green energetic material in practical applications.In this study, the crystal-morphology and crystal-face parameters of ZnCP were simulated using the Morphology module of the Materials Studio simulation software (MS Morphology, Accelrys Corp., San Diego, CA, USA). Based on the theoretical calculations, experiments were performed to select the optimum crystal-control reagents and reaction conditions for the crystal-morphology optimization of ZnCP.

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Effect of morphology and concentration on capping ability of surfactant in shape controlled synthesis of PbS nano- and micro-crystals

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Room Temperature Synthesis of Aminocaproic Acid-Capped Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles

Room Temperature Synthesis of Aminocaproic Acid-Capped Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles

Scaling in a Geothermal Heat Exchanger at Soultz-Sous-Forêts (Upper Rhine Graben, France): A XRD and SEM-EDS Characterization of Sulfide Precipitates

Morphological control of zinc tricarbohydrazide perchlorate crystals: Theoretical and experimental study

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