Effect of Morinda citrifolia in growth, production and immunomodulatory properties in livestock and poultry: a review

Abstract

KEYWORDS Morinda citrifolia Livestock Poultry Growth Production Immunomodulatory Properties ABSTRACTMorinda citrifolia L. is commonly known as Noni and has been found to have wide range of medicinal properties. It is usually found in the coastal region in many countries including Andaman and Nicobar Islands and belongs to the family Rubiaceae. This small evergreen tree is widely grown and well adapted to the tropics and can grow in fertile, acidic, alkaline and saline affected soils. It tolerates high soil salinity and brackish water stagnation. All the components of this plant have high demand in case of alternative medicines and herbal medicines. Due to its high demand and as a source of revenue generation the detail study on its nutritional benefits and therapeutic values are essential for its commercial exploitation. More than 200 nutraceutical compounds have been identified from the plant. Morinda citrifolia is reported to have broad spectrum biological activities such as antimicrobial, immunomodualtory, antioxidant wound healing etc. Apart from the in-vitro scientific validation of the activities and in-vivo trial in some lab animal model, the plant has been used for livestock and poultry health and production. A lot of reviews have been written on the different uses of Noni, however, scientific review on the use of this plant on the growth, production, immunomodulator and other pharmacological activities of M. citrifolia in livestock and poultry has not been compiled. Therefore this review discusses the compilation of the work done on the use of M. citrifolia in livestock and poultry.

Effects of short-term consumption of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice on mice intestine, liver and kidney immune modulation

“…Among the different effects that result from consumption of noni fruit juice and its derivatives, those related to cancer and immunomodulation are probably the best known. In accordance with our data, previous studies have shown that noni fruit juice consumption modulates immune responses in vivo and in vitro through the suppression of IL-4 production (Hirazumi & Furusawa, 1999;Hirazumi, Furusawa, Chou, & Hokama, 1994;Palu et al, 2008;Sunder, Sujatha, & Kundu, 2016) and the induction of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-1ß, IL-10 and IL-12 production (Hirazumi & Furusawa, 1999;Palu et al, 2008). Additionally, our data indicated that noni fruit juice consumption produces varying effects on the modulation of IL-23, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-12 in different organs, with opposite trends observed in the intestine and liver for the modulation of IL-4 and IL-10.…”

Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)-Enriched Diet on Hepatic Heat Shock Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Heat Stressed Broiler Chickens

“…Each chamber was composed of 2 pens (20 bird/pen) with their own feeder and water line. Each pen was given one of two diets: starter corn-soy based diet (Control, 3.9 Mcal ME Kg −1 and 21% CP), or control diet supplemented with 0.2% dried Noni plant (Noni, 3.9 Mcal ME Kg −1 , 19.8% CP), a commonly incorporated levels by poultry producers in tropical regions (Sunder and Kundu, 2016 ). Chicks were given ad libitum access to feed and clean water.…”

Dietary Inclusion of a Mixed Powder of Medicinal Plant Leaves Enhances the Feed Efficiency and Immune Function in Broiler Chickens

“…Also, P. guajava, a plant of great application in the treatment of the diarrheic syndrome in pigs (mainly the leaves), has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties due to the presence of flavonoids (mainly gammapirons) and triterpenoids [8], and also its application as a medicinal drug in the diets of mice showed an antidiabetic effect [9]. Moreover, M. citrifolia is rich in alkaloids in its leaves and fruits, which can be recommended mainly for more than 20 illnesses to human and animals, due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial immunestimulant properties [10]; specifically, in birds, Sunder et al [11] have demonstrated that daily use of this plant in the diets of laying hens increases the egg weight and shell thickness.…”

“…In these three plants, separately, their effects have been investigated in animals of zootechnical interest with good results, mainly as nutraceutical supplements [9,11,12]. However, little is known about the use of these plants when they are mixed and supplemented or are included as powder in diets for broiler chickens.…”