Effect of mono- and di-valent cations on PFAS removal from water using foam fractionation – A modelling and experimental study

Buckley, Thomas; Karanam, Kavitha; Xu, Xiaoyong; Shukla, Pradeep; Firouzi, Mahshid; Rudolph, Victor

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120508

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…An important limitation of foam fractionation is the low removal efficiency of short-chain PFAS. 3 , 33 , 38 , 40 − 42 Metal cation activators can be used to increase the removal, but this effect has not been shown for short-chain substances. 38 , 40 , 43 ΣPFAS removal has further been shown to increase for increasing aeration time, 3 , 38 , 40 , 42 gas flow rate, 3 , 32 , 33 , 40 and ionic strength 3 , 38 , 42 and for decreasing initial PFAS concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 , 33 , 38 , 40 − 42 Metal cation activators can be used to increase the removal, but this effect has not been shown for short-chain substances. 38 , 40 , 43 ΣPFAS removal has further been shown to increase for increasing aeration time, 3 , 38 , 40 , 42 gas flow rate, 3 , 32 , 33 , 40 and ionic strength 3 , 38 , 42 and for decreasing initial PFAS concentration. 3 , 42 , 43 However, for low initial PFAS concentrations (<50 ng L –1 ), removal was instead observed to increase at increasing concentration for a wide range of compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported removal efficiencies strongly depend on the types of PFAS and water matrices under investigation but generally range between 0 and <50% for short-chain PFCA, 33 , 34 , 38 , 40 − 42 while for long-chain PFAS, efficiencies can reach up to >99%. 3 , 34 , 38 , 40 − 43 Most work on PFAS removal with foam fractionation has been done in batch mode, with easy control of contact time and effluent quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Smith

Wiberg

McCleaf³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern for their ubiquity in the environment combined with their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties. Landfill leachate is often contaminated with these chemicals, and therefore, the development of cost-efficient water treatment technologies is urgently needed. The present study investigated the applicability of a pilot-scale foam fractionation setup for the removal of PFAS from natural landfill leachate in a novel continuous operating mode. A benchmark batch test was also performed to compare treatment efficiency. The ΣPFAS removal efficiency plateaued around 60% and was shown to decrease for the investigated process variables air flow rate ( Q air ), collected foam fraction (% foam ) and contact time in the column ( t c ). For individual long-chain PFAS, removal efficiencies above 90% were obtained, whereas the removal for certain short-chain PFAS was low (<30%). Differences in treatment efficiency between enriching mode versus stripping mode as well as between continuous versus batch mode were negligible. Taken together, these findings suggest that continuous foam fractionation is a highly applicable treatment technology for PFAS contaminated water. Coupling the proposed cost- and energy-efficient foam fractionation pretreatment to an energy-intensive degradative technology for the concentrated foam establishes a promising strategy for on-site PFAS remediation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Smith

Wiberg

McCleaf³

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

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“…The knowledge of interfacial dynamic properties of surfactant-adsorbed layers in the presence of inorganic electrolytes is essential for many industries dealing with foaming, emulsification and coating, such as pharmaceuticals [1], mining [2][3][4], environmental remediation [5,6], food [7,8] and biology [9,10], enhanced oil recovery [11] and gas well deliquification [12][13][14][15]. The stability of foam/emulsion is strongly influenced by surface properties of gas-fluid interfaces containing adsorbed surface-active compounds such as surfactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Divalent and Monovalent Salts on Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solutions

Amani

Firouzi

2022

Colloids and Interfaces

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This study presents the equilibrium surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the dilational viscoelasticity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)-adsorbed layers in the presence of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 at 0.001–0.1 M salt concentration. The ST and surface dilational viscoelasticity were determined using bubble-shape analysis technique. To capture the complete profile of dilational viscoelastic properties of SDBS-adsorbed layers, experiments were conducted within a wide range of SDBS concentrations at a fixed oscillating frequency of 0.01 Hz. Salts were found to lower the ST and induce micellar formation at all concentrations. However, the addition of salts increased dilational viscoelastic modulus only at a certain range of SDBS concentration (below 0.01–0.02 mM SDBS). Above this concentration range, salts decreased dilational viscoelasticity due to the domination of the induced molecular exchange dampening the ST gradient. The dilational viscoelasticity of the salts of interest were in the order CaCl2 > MgCl2 > KCl > NaCl > LiCl. The charge density of ions was found as the corresponding factor for the higher impact of divalent ions compared to monovalent ions, while the impact of monovalent ions was assigned to the degree of matching in water affinities, and thereby the tendency for ion-pairing between SDBS head groups and monovalent ions.

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“…It is noted that the trials of Burns et al were for a “hard” water system, and Brusseau and Van Glubt (2019) show that the presence of electrolytes can significantly enhance the adsorption coefficient, and Wang and Niven (2021) provide a theoretical explanation. Moreover, Buckley, Karanam, et al (2022) have directly demonstrated that the presence of electrolytes improves the removal of PFAS by foam fractionation. Thus, the adsorption coefficients of Brusseau (2019) will not manifest in a practical remediation situation, but the actual adsorption coefficients are likely to follow a similar trend.…”

Section: Field Trial Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial‐scale remediation of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a landfill leachate catchment using Surface‐Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF®)

Burns

Hinrichsen²,

Stevenson³

et al. 2022

Remediation Journal

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This article presents the results from a commercial-scale field trial of the Surface-Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF) process for the removal of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a landfill leachate catchment at the Telge Recycling plant, Sweden. There have been 23 sampling events for PFAS influent and effluent concentrations over the course of 10 months, during which approximately 80,000 m 3 of leachate feed has been successfully treated without the need for complex pretreatment. The contracted throughput was 330 m 3 per day (120,000 m 3 /year), but, in practice, it varied between 200 m 3 and 500 m 3 per day depending upon the inventory of the upstream leachate catchment. Over the trial period, it was demonstrated that SAFF was successful in removing ≥98.7% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), ≥99.7% perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and ≥98.8% perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) from the feed stream without using absorbent media or chemical amendment consumables, including the partial/ significant removal of other PFAS species. The reported removal percentages are constrained by the limit of reporting (LOR) of analytical testing of the "treated stream"; the actual removal percentages could be higher as detailed by a single sampling event "I" included herein. The mean concentrations of the treated stream were ≤2.34 ng/L PFOS, ≤1.28 ng/L PFOA, and ≤1.00 ng/L PFHxS; the contractual criteria requirement was to reduce PFOS to <50 ng/L. The results are concordant with those obtained by Burns et al. (2021) who demonstrated that SAFF technology removed ≥99.8% PFOS, ≥99.8% PFOA, and ≥98.4% PFHxS from a PFAScontaminated groundwater stream at the Army Aviation Centre Oakey military base in Australia. The present study extends what was learned from the previous Australian groundwater study in that there is more complex chemistry associated with the leachate feed stream arising from landfill receipt of domestic, commercial, and industrial waste to the landfill cells. In addition, the climatic dependency that was considered by Burns et al. ( 2021) is explored in a colder environment and is found to be practically insignificant with respect to PFAS removal. Burns et al. (2021) asserted that nearly complete PFAS removal is achieved if the Brusseau adsorption coefficient is greater than approximately 1 µm. The present study extends this analysis to demonstrate that removal percentages fall to approximately 0 at an

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Effect of mono- and di-valent cations on PFAS removal from water using foam fractionation – A modelling and experimental study

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Pilot-Scale Continuous Foam Fractionation for the Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Landfill Leachate

Effect of Divalent and Monovalent Salts on Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solutions

Commercial‐scale remediation of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a landfill leachate catchment using Surface‐Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF®)

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