Effect of modified ethylsilicate consolidants on the mechanical properties of sandstone

Remzova, Monika; Šašek, Petr; Frankeová, Dita; Slížková, Zuzana; Rathouský, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The self-developed alkoxide-based consolidants were prepared by adding the nanoparticles (3 wt.%) to Dynasylan ® 40 [11,13,14]. Afterwards, catalyst n-octylamine (0.18 wt.%) (Alfa Aesar) was added.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Nanoparticle-modified Consolidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another strategy involves the incorporation of elastic segments, such as hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), into the xerogel structure; these segments effectively removed the stress caused by capillary pressure [5][6][7][8][9]. Another more general approach is based on the incorporation of various oxide nanoparticles, such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and ZnO (so-called particle-modified consolidants, PMC) [3,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Due to the increase in the pore size of PMC-based xerogel and the improvement of its mechanical properties, cracking was reduced, and the consolidation effect enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Czech Republic is particularly suitable in this respect because it is rich in sandstone quarries, meaning that a wide range of samples differing in texture and mechanical properties are available. Our previous studies have shown that sandstone from the Msene quarry in Central Bohemia is suitable for the evaluation of consolidation performance because it is characterized by high-porosity and relatively low mechanical strength [11,13,14]. This sandstone is characterized by high-purity (over 95% of quartz and a small amount of binder), homogeneity and a well-defined monomodal porous system with a narrow pore-size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Advanced Consolidants for the Application on Sandstone

et al. 2019

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Alkoxy-based consolidants are widely used for conservation of cultural heritage objects made from sandstones. Even if such consolidants were introduced into practice already in the 19th century, their performance has been enhanced by several modifications to their composition only recently. To obtain a relevant comparison of their application potential, both commercial (Remmers KSE OH and SurfaPore FX SB) and a self-developed particle-modified ethyl silicate consolidant supplemented with two phosphate-based ones, were assessed. Importantly, the potential toxicity of our novel consolidants was considered. Since the stone substrate should mimic the properties of naturally weathered stone, sandstone from the Msene quarry in Central Bohemia, characterized by a high porosity and relatively low mechanical strength, is selected. From practical point of view, the long-term durability of the consolidation effect is crucial compared to the initial level of consolidation. Regarding the determination of durability of the sandstone consolidation according to an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) accelerated weathering test, we performed mechanical tests in micro- (nanoindentation) and macroscale (drilling resistance measurements). The cohesion of the consolidant xerogels in the pores were determined by sorption experiments in gas phase. The durability of our TiO2 and ZnO particle-modified consolidants is superior to that of the commercial products. The aqueous diammonium hydrogen phosphate-based consolidant, which also shows exceptional durability, reveals itself to be a promising product for not only carbonate but also sandstone materials.

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Section: Preparation Of the Nanoparticle-modified Consolidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Advanced Consolidants for the Application on Sandstone

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“…The incorporation of suitable metal oxide nanoparticles was shown to reduce the gel cracking [9]. The embedding of 10-20 nm nanoparticles increased the hardness and Young's modulus of sedimentary stones [10]. Moreover, consolidant xerogels with embedded nanoparticles more closely resemble the properties of natural stones than unmodified gels.…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stone, already used as a substrate in numerous papers [10][11][12][13], shows a yellow-cream color, which enables to determine any changes in color easily. Regarding its composition, it is a Bioclastic limestone with a grain size distribution between 100 and 200 µm.…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Ethylsilicates as Efficient Innovative Consolidants for Sedimentary Rock

et al. 2018

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Although silicon alkoxides (especially ethylsilicates) have long been used as consolidants of weathered stone monuments, their physical properties are not ideal. In this study, an innovative procedure for the consolidation of sedimentary rocks was developed that combines the use of organometallic and alkylamine catalysts with the addition of well-defined nanoparticles exhibiting a narrow size distribution centered at ca. 10 nm. As a suitable test material, Pietra di Lecce limestone was selected because of its color and problematic physico-chemical properties, such as rather low hardness. Using the developed procedure, the mechanical and surface properties of the limestone were improved without the unwanted over-consolidation of the surface layers of the stone, and any significant deterioration in the pore size distribution, water vapor permeability, or the stone’s appearance. The developed modified ethylsilicates penetrated deeper into the pore structure of the stone than the unmodified ones and increased the hardness of the treated material. The formed xerogels within the stone pores did not crack. Importantly, they did not significantly alter the natural characteristics of the stone.

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Consolidation of Stone Materials by Organic and Hybrid Polymers: An Overview

Mariani

Malucelli

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Historic stone buildings and monuments undergo a gradual, unstoppable, and episodic deterioration due to environmental or climatic impact, biological or mechanical deterioration, or, in the case of better-preserved structures, inadequate maintenance. Water infiltration, freezing and thawing, carbonation, wind erosion, acid rain, and graffiti/vandalism are the key "environmental" issues that strongly impact cultural heritage and therefore must be limited or even prevented. This interaction leads to the occurrence of different phenomena, possibly involving blistering phenomena on the stone surface, its gradual weather away, leaving a sound surface behind, or the dropping away of the bulk material, because of prolonged weathering, in a single event. It is noteworthy that, quite often, the stone may appear perfectly intact to the naked eye, though it is losing its cohesion beneath its surface. Therefore, it becomes necessary to either efficiently protect the stone substrates to prolong their life, or to fix the damage that already occurred by means of effective, reliable, and long-lasting consolidation/restoration strategies. This work aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art referring to the use of monomeric/oligomeric or polymeric consolidants, providing the reader with some perspectives for the next future.

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Effect of modified ethylsilicate consolidants on the mechanical properties of sandstone

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Potential of Advanced Consolidants for the Application on Sandstone

Potential of Advanced Consolidants for the Application on Sandstone

Modified Ethylsilicates as Efficient Innovative Consolidants for Sedimentary Rock

Consolidation of Stone Materials by Organic and Hybrid Polymers: An Overview

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