Effect of moderate magnesium deficiency on serum lipids, blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in normotensive rats

Abstract

I. Weanling Wistar rats were pair fed for 10 weeks on a purified diet containing either normal or suboptimal quantities of magnesium (960 or 80 mg/kg respectively).2. At week 2, hypomagnesaemia was accompanied by hypertriglyceridaemia, an increase in plasma cholesterol and a decrease in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in animals fed on the Mg-deficient diet. At week 10, the increase in triglycerides observed in Mg-deficient animals was less marked while the increase in total cholesterol was more important.3. During the whole experimental period, Mg-deficient animals never showed hypertension. At week 2, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in Mg-deficient rats than in their respective controls, while heart rate was significantly increased. However, hypotension accompanied by tachycardia was a transitory phenomenon which appeared only in the early phase of deficiency.4. Vascular reactivity was studied in vagotomized anaesthetized rats after ganglionic blockade with pentolinium and atropine sulphate. The reactivity to noradrenaline was significantly higher in Mg-deficient rats compared with pair-fed controls after 2 weeks on the experimental diet.

Regulated RIPK3 Necroptosis is Produced in Cardiovascular Tissues and Cells in Dietary Magnesium Deficiency: Roles of Cytokines and Their Potential Importance in Inflammation and Atherogenesis

“…Even in rabbit and rat model systems our group has shown that, dietary deficiencies of Mg results in vascular remodelling (i.e., arteriolar wall hypertrophy and alterations in the matrices of the vascular walls), which was concomitant with atherogenesis, high blood pressure, and microvascular vasospasm [11][12][13]16,18,19,22,24,34,42,[57][58][59][60][61]. Similar study outcomes also have been reported by others supporting the contention of our findings [17,20,27,28,62].…”

Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Autonomic Circulatory Regulation in Conscious Rats

“…9 This discrepancy may be due to differences in methodology. In the latter report, the researchers used the tail-cuff method, which requires that the rats be restrained.…”

“…[1][2][3] It has been reported that Mg plays a role in numerous enzymatic processes in the cardiovascular system, such as in kinases, cyclases, and adenosine triphosphatase or guanine triphosphatase, 2 and is a naturally occurring antagonist to calcium. 4 Thus, Mg affects the pivotal cardiac functions, including cardiac contraction, 5 beating rhythm, 5,6 vasomotor control, 4,[7][8][9][10] and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vessels. 9,11 Mg deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, eg, hypertension, 12 vasospastic angina, 13 ventricular arrhythmia, 14 and mitral valve prolapse.…”

“…4 Thus, Mg affects the pivotal cardiac functions, including cardiac contraction, 5 beating rhythm, 5,6 vasomotor control, 4,[7][8][9][10] and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vessels. 9,11 Mg deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, eg, hypertension, 12 vasospastic angina, 13 ventricular arrhythmia, 14 and mitral valve prolapse. 15 Recently, Fiset et al 16 reported a high incidence of sudden death in Mg-deficient rats, and this result is consistent with epidemiological reports of a high incidence of sudden death in areas with low levels of Mg in drinking water 17 and also with clinical reports that hypomagnesemia is frequently observed in patients with heart failure in whom sudden death occurs.…”

Short-term magnesium deficiency upregulates sphingomyelin synthase and p53 in cardiovascular tissues and cells: relevance to the de novo synthesis of ceramide

“…Over the past four decades, an accumulation of epidemiological and experimental data have indicated that a reduction in the dietary intake of magnesium (Mg), as well as low Mg content in drinking water, are risk factors for the development of hypertension, atherogenesis, vasospasm, sudden cardiac death, and stroke by illdefined mechanisms (e.g., see 10,11,13,18,25,26,32,37,40,57,and 59). Hypermagnesemic diets have been shown to ameliorate hypertension and atherogenesis (2-5, 13, 40, 57, 59).…”