Effect of Moderate Exercise Training on Peripheral Glucose Effectiveness, Insulin Sensitivity, and Endogenous Glucose Production in Healthy Humans Estimated by a Two-Compartment-Labeled Minimal Model

Nishida, Yuichiro; Tokuyama, Kumpei; Nagasaka, Shoichiro; Higaki, Yasuki; Shirai, Yoko; Kiyonaga, Akira; Shindo, Munehiro; Kusaka, Ikuyo; Nakamura, Tomoatsu; Ishibashi, Shun; Tanaka, Hiroaki

doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.2.315

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Finally, although hyperglycaemic clamp-measured S I agrees well with hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp-measured insulin sensitivity [44], glucose effectiveness is included in the hyperglycaemic clamp-measured S I [27]. In this context, Nishida et al showed that endurance training increases glucose effectiveness, which is sustained for 1 week after training cessation [45]. Thus, we cannot rule out that the increased S I seen in the IWT group was dependent on increased glucose effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2014

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Aims/hypothesis By use of a parallel and partly crossover randomised, controlled trial design we sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the advantageous effects of interval walking training (IWT) compared with continuous walking training (CWT) on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that IWT, more than CWT, would improve insulin sensitivity including skeletal muscle insulin signalling, insulin secretion and disposition index (DI).Methods By simple randomisation (sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes), eligible individuals (diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, no exogenous insulin treatment) were allocated to three groups: a control group (CON, n=8), an IWT group (n=12) and an energy expenditure-matched CWT group (n=12). Training groups were prescribed free-living training, five sessions per week (60 min/session). A threestage hyperglycaemic clamp, including glucose isotope tracers and skeletal muscle biopsies, was performed before and after a 4 month intervention in a hospitalised setting. No blinding was performed. Results The improved glycaemic control, which was only seen in the IWT group, was consistent with IWT-induced increases in insulin sensitivity index (49.8 ± 14.6%; p<0.001), peripheral glucose disposal (14.5±4.9%; p<0.05) and DI (66.2±21.8%; p<0.001), with no changes in the CWT or CON group. Moreover, only IWT improved insulin signalling in skeletal muscle via increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AS160 (29.0±10.8%; p<0.05). No changes were seen in insulin secretion during hyperglycaemia alone, hyperglycaemia + glucagon-like peptide 1 infusion or arginine injection. Conclusions/interpretation IWT maintains insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity and DI, in contrast to energy expenditure-matched CWT. These results suggest that training with alternating intensity, and not just training volume and mean intensity, is a key determinant of changes in whole body glucose disposal in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials (NCT01234155).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2014

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“…The groups had similar body weight presurgery and preinterventions. Both groups also reported similar improve glucose effectiveness (S G ) in healthy individuals following a 12-week exercise program (17). Exercise increases oxidative enzyme activity in skeletal muscle and induces related biochemical and morphological changes that would seem to confer a metabolic basis for improved S I (11,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Clinical trial demonstrates exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity

Coen¹,

Tanner²,

Helbling³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

124

199

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nondiabetic patients following RYGB surgery are typically quite modest compared with the presurgery condition (3). Moreover, there appear to be 2 discrete periods of improvement. The first is immediately after surgery, at which time hepatic, but not peripheral, S I improves in response to acute energy restriction (4-6), while greater, protracted weight loss appears to be more strongly associated with improved peripheral S I (7,8). Even with significant weight loss 1 year following RYBG surgery, peripheral S I is still low compared with that of lean metabolically healthy individuals (3,5,6,9).Exercise is considered a cornerstone for obesity treatment, and while it is not generally viewed to cause substantial body weight reduction (10), it can potently improve peripheral S I and glucose control (11-13) and can reduce the risk of T2D and cardiovascular disease (14,15). There is general consensus that even a single session of moderate intensity exercise can induce an improvement in S I (16). There is also evidence that exercise can BACKGROUND. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery causes profound weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity (S I ) in obese patients. Regular exercise can also improve S I in obese individuals; however, it is unknown whether exercise and RYGB surgery-induced weight loss would additively improve S I and other cardiometabolic factors. METHODS.We conducted a single-blind, prospective, randomized trial with 128 men and women who recently underwent RYGB surgery (within 1-3 months). Participants were randomized to either a 6-month semi-supervised moderate exercise protocol (EX, n = 66) or a health education control (CON; n = 62) intervention. Main outcomes measured included S I and glucose effectiveness (S G ), which were determined from an intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Secondary outcomes measured were cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 peak) and body composition. Data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approach to assess the efficacy of the exercise intervention (>120 min of exercise/week).RESULTS. 119 (93%) participants completed the interventions, 95% for CON and 91% for EX. There was a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass for both groups (P < 0.001 for time effect). S I improved in both groups following the intervention (ITT: CON vs. EX; +1.64 vs. +2.24 min -1 /μU/ml, P = 0.18 for Δ, P < 0.001 for time effect). A PP analysis revealed that exercise produced an additive S I improvement (PP: CON vs. EX; +1.57 vs. +2.69 min

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“…Impairments in these insulin action and glucose metabolism indices are recognised as prediabetic phenotypes involving pathogenic development and pathogenetic processes of type 2 diabetes. Exercise training improves peripheral S I and S G in healthy human subjects [1], and significant improvements in S I , AIR g , DI and S G in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training have been observed and reported in the HERITAGE Family Study [2]. Recent investigations in HERITAGE provide further evidence that physiological training responses vary appreciably from person to person, and these individual differences are influenced by genetic factors [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genome-wide linkage scans for prediabetes phenotypes in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in non-diabetic whites and blacks: the HERITAGE Family Study

Terán-García

Rice

et al. 2005

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis: Impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, insulin-independent glucose effectiveness, glucose tolerance and the associated abnormalities in insulin and glucose metabolism phenotypes are precursors of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide multipoint variance component linkage scans were carried out using 654 markers to identify quantitative trait loci for insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response to glucose, disposition index and glucose effectiveness training responses in whites and blacks in the HERITAGE Family Study. Methods: These phenotypes were obtained from an IVGTT with the minimal model. The distributions of insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response to glucose and disposition index training responses (posttraining minus baseline) were approximately normalised using a square-root transformation. All phenotypes were adjusted for the effects of age, BMI and their respective baseline values within sex and generation by race prior to linkage scans. Results: In blacks, a promising linkage with a maximum lod score of 3.1 on 19q (54-62 Mb) for glucose effectiveness training response was found. Six interesting linkages with lod scores of at least 1.0 were found for disposition index training response in whites. They included 1p (30 Mb), 3q (152 Mb),. Conclusions/ interpretation: Quantitative trait loci for 20 weeks of endurance exercise training responses in insulin action and glucose metabolism phenotypes were found on chromosome 19q as well as 6p and 7q, with nominal (6p, 7q) but consistent (6p) linkages across the races.

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Effect of Moderate Exercise Training on Peripheral Glucose Effectiveness, Insulin Sensitivity, and Endogenous Glucose Production in Healthy Humans Estimated by a Two-Compartment-Labeled Minimal Model

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Clinical trial demonstrates exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity

Genome-wide linkage scans for prediabetes phenotypes in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in non-diabetic whites and blacks: the HERITAGE Family Study

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