Effect of mode of delivery on macronutrient content of breast milk

Dizdar, Evrim Alyamaç; Sarı, Fatma Nur; Değirmencioğlu, Halil; Canpolat, Fuat Emre; Oğuz, Şerife Suna; Uraş, Nurdan; Dilmen, Uğur

doi:10.3109/14767058.2013.850486

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Cesarean delivery is an effective intervention to reduce infant mortality and morbidity when it is medically indicated. However, for healthy women without clear medical or obstetrical indications for cesarean, the potential risks of cesarean delivery may outweigh the benefits . In addition, elective cesarean delivery before the due date shortens gestational duration and might result in mild or moderate preterm or early term births .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lung function of infants born by way of cesarean delivery may also be affected, and these infants may have delayed postnatal removal of lung fluid . Furthermore, cesarean delivery may adversely affect a women's ability to breastfeed or the production and quality of breastmilk , reducing the beneficial effect of breastfeeding on infant's health .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Cesarean delivery performed for unjustifiable medical reasons may adversely affect the health and well‐being of infants because it shortens gestational duration , bypasses the normal birth canal and normal labor processes which offer benefits to newborns , and affects the initiation of breastfeeding and quality of breastmilk . In this study, we thus analyze recently published data from the World Bank, WHO, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and individual countries to examine the association between cesarean delivery and infant mortality in high‐income industrialized countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher Cesarean Delivery Rates are Associated with Higher Infant Mortality Rates in Industrialized Countries

Xie

Gaudet

Krewski

et al. 2015

Birth

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher Cesarean Delivery Rates are Associated with Higher Infant Mortality Rates in Industrialized Countries

Xie

Gaudet

Krewski

et al. 2015

Birth

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“…Yet, Dizdar et al studied the association of this factor and the amount of the main macronutrients in breast milk, they analyzed colostrum samples of 111 women that delivered vaginally and 93 by cesarean section. A statistically lower quantity of protein was found in the group that delivered by cesarean section, but they didn’t determine the specific concentrations of the diverse group of proteins that can be found in human milk (Dizdar et al 2014). …”

Section: Factors Affecting Lf Concentration In Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting lactoferrin concentration in human milk: how much do we know?

Villavicencio

Rueda

Turin

et al. 2017

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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Lactoferrin (LF) is a breast milk glycoprotein with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Its beneficial properties in infants, especially in those born preterm, are currently being studied in clinical trials. However, the maternal and nursing infant factors that may affect the concentration of LF in breast milk are still not clear. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the factors that may affect LF concentration. We used a 2-step approach to identify the eligible studies according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and to determine which studies would be considered. We included 70 qualified articles from 29 countries with publication dates ranging from 1976 to 2015. We described the correlation between LF concentration in breast milk and lactation stage; 10 maternal factors, such as race, parity, among others; and 2 infant factors, infections and prematurity. Colostrum has the highest LF levels, but they decrease with days postpartum. No other factor has been consistently associated with LF concentration. A major limitation of the majority of the published studies is the small sample size and the different methods used to measure LF concentration. Therefore, there is a need for large, multicenter studies with standardized study design, sample collection, and LF measurement methods to identify clinically significant factors associated with LF expression in breast milk, which will help promote exclusive breastfeeding in preterm infants.

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“…When comparing the delivery method, Dizdar et al, 2013 36 demonstrated that the composition of human colostrum fats is similar, but the study did not consider the extremes of reproductive age. Our study demonstrated that mothers with advanced maternal age had a predominance of cesarean delivery and still had a higher concentration of fats in colostrum when compared to the group of adolescent mothers with 67.4% vaginal deliveries and a lower concentration of colostrum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal age influence in human colostrum fat composition

Morceli

Moraes

Campos

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Colostrum is the first milk secretion produced and contains the nutrients necessary for the development of the neonate. Objectives: To compare the chemical level of colostrum fats from adolescent nursing mothers and those of advanced maternal age and to describe their gestational characteristics. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study, including 98 nursing adolescent mothers (up to 24 years of age) and 33 nursing mothers of advanced maternal age (over 35) attending the Maternity Hospital of Presidente Prudente. Colostrum samples were obtained through manual extraction between 48 and 72 hours postpartum. The determination of fats and calories was performed by means of the Creamatocrit technique. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Results: The mean age of the nursing mothers of advanced maternal age was 37 years, statistically higher than that of the adolescent mothers with a mean age of 20 years. In total, 66.3% of the adolescent nursing mothers were primiparous and 66.7% of the mothers of advanced maternal age underwent a cesarean delivery. Gestational BMI was statistically higher in the women of advanced maternal age (31.3±5.6 vs 26.06±3.6). Although the colostrum fat and cream composition was significantly higher in nursing mothers of advanced maternal age, the number of calories was similar between the groups. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age influenced gestational BMI and the biochemical composition of colostrum and its components.

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Effect of mode of delivery on macronutrient content of breast milk

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Higher Cesarean Delivery Rates are Associated with Higher Infant Mortality Rates in Industrialized Countries

Higher Cesarean Delivery Rates are Associated with Higher Infant Mortality Rates in Industrialized Countries

Factors affecting lactoferrin concentration in human milk: how much do we know?

Maternal age influence in human colostrum fat composition

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