Effect of Mineralogy, Pore Geometry, and Fluid Type on the Elastic Properties of the Bakken Formation

Malki, Mohamed Lamine; Rasouli, Vamegh; Saberi, Mohammad Reza; Mellal, Ilyas; Ozotta, Ogochukwu; Sennaoui, Billel; chellal, hichem aymene

doi:10.56952/arma-2022-0147

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The differences in mineralogy in UTF and MTF core samples can also contribute to the recovery mechanism during a long experiment period. The UTF and MTF include a significant carbonate content, which is highly chemical reactive during the gas injection and can affect the rock properties during the geochemical interaction between CO 2 –brine–rock (precipitation and dolomitization). − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore- and Core-Scale Mechanisms Controlling Supercritical Cyclic Gas Utilization for Enhanced Recovery under Immiscible and Miscible Conditions in the Three Forks Formation

Sennaoui

Afari

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Tight formations such as the Three Forks Formation in the Williston Basin have very low primary recovery factors (typically 10% or less), which potentially leave billions of barrels stranded in the reservoir. According to the results of gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pilot tests that have been conducted in the Bakken Formation, cyclic gas injection appears to be a promising strategy for increasing oil recovery in unconventional reservoirs. Despite the pilot tests and the reported results in Bakken shale, Middle Bakken, and Three Forks Formations, little is known about the mechanisms of cyclic gas injection and the behavior between the injected gases and Three Forks reservoir fluids. In this paper, a series of experiments are applied under different constraints. The parameters that are examined include the effect of soaking time under immiscible and miscible conditions, the effect of fluid state (vapor, supercritical), injection pressure, selected gases (CO 2 , ethane, and propane), target formations (Upper Three Forks (UTF) and Middle Three Forks (MTF)), and the effect of pore size distribution on the recovery factor. During the Huff-n-Puff process, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was used to analyze the microscopic oil production and the micro residual oil distribution before and after CO 2 injection. The results showed that the soaking time enhanced the recovery factor dramatically in both formations under and near the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of CO 2 , while the soaking time was less efficient in cases with injection pressures above the MMP. Propane proved to be the most effective gas at low injection pressure, followed by ethane, with CO 2 being the least effective. On increasing the pressure, the performance of ethane and CO 2 increased due to the sufficient change in the ethane and CO 2 densities. Additionally, according to the NMR tests in UTF, micropores, mesopores, and small pores were predominant in oil extraction during the first cycle. After a few Huff-n-Puff cycles, oil in micropores becomes the primary source of oil extraction. However, in MTF, the dominant pore distributions were mesopores, small pores, and fewer micropores than in UTF. The findings in this study provide new insight to better understand the mechanisms of gas HnP enhanced recovery in the Three Forks Formation, which is of great significance for the efficient hydrocarbon exploitation and greenhouse gas utilization in shale reservoirs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore- and Core-Scale Mechanisms Controlling Supercritical Cyclic Gas Utilization for Enhanced Recovery under Immiscible and Miscible Conditions in the Three Forks Formation

Sennaoui

Afari

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Fishbone Drilling for Oil and Gas 6.1.1. CO 2 -EOR for Improved Recovery FbD could be applied to improve recovery during CO 2 injection or waste fluid disposal in unconventional formations with low permeability and porosity [52]. Traditional injection techniques often fall short in displacing fluid and boosting reservoir pressure after it is depleted.…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Fishbone Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Fishbone Well Applications in Conventional and Renewable Energy Systems in the Path towards Net Zero

Ndulue,

Tomomewo,

Khalifa

2023

Fuels

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Fishbone drilling (FbD) involves drilling multiple micro-holes branching out in various directions from the primary vertical or deviated wellbore. FbD is similar to multilateral micro-hole drilling and can be employed to boost hydrocarbon production in naturally fractured formations or during refracturing operations by connecting existing natural fractures. Key design elements in fishbones include determining the number, length, and spacing between the branches, and the angle at which the branches deviate from the main borehole. Fishbone wells have emerged as a promising technology for improving well performance and reducing environmental impact. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the different applications of fishbone wells in conventional and renewable energy systems. We discuss the potential of fishbone wells for enhanced oil and gas recovery, as well as their application in unconventional resources such as coal bed methane. Moreover, we examine the feasibility of fishbone wells in renewable energy systems, such as geothermal energy and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). We highlight the various benefits of fishbone wells, including reduced carbon footprint, enhanced efficiency, and increased sustainability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations associated with fishbone wells in different energy systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges of fishbone wells in reducing carbon footprint and improving well performance in a wide range of energy systems.

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“…Therefore, accurate characterization of these reservoirs is crucial for production forecasting, gas storage, and enhanced oil recovery [3]. One of the significant challenges in estimating Sw in tight reservoirs is the reliance on resistivity-based methods that depend on formation-dependent variables known as Archie parameters [4]. These parameters can be difficult to estimate due to the high variation in the cementing minerals and volumes and to the presence of conductive minerals and high-salinity formation water [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Saturation Prediction in the Middle Bakken Formation Using Machine Learning

Mellal,

Latrach,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Eng

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Tight reservoirs around the world contain a significant volume of hydrocarbons; however, the heterogeneity of these reservoirs limits the recovery of the original oil in place to less than 20%. Accurate characterization is therefore needed to understand variations in reservoir properties and their effects on production. Water saturation (Sw) has always been challenging to estimate in ultra-tight reservoirs such as the Bakken Formation due to the inaccuracy of resistivity-based methods. While machine learning (ML) has proven to be a powerful tool for predicting rock properties in many tight formations, few studies have been conducted in reservoirs of similar complexity to the Bakken Formation, which is an ultra-tight, multimineral, low-resistivity reservoir. This study presents a workflow for Sw prediction using well logs, core data, and ML algorithms. Logs and core data were gathered from 29 wells drilled in the Bakken Formation. Due to the inaccuracy and lack of robustness of the tried and tested regression models (e.g., linear regression, random forest regression) in predicting Sw as a continuous variable, the problem was reformulated as a classification task. Instead of exact values, the Sw predictions were made in intervals of 10% increments representing 10 classes from 0% to 100%. Gradient boosting and random forest classifiers scored the best classification accuracy, and these two models were used to construct a voting classifier that achieved the best accuracy of 85.53%. The ML model achieved much better accuracy than conventional resistivity-based methods. By conducting this study, we aim to develop a new workflow to improve the prediction of Sw in reservoirs where conventional methods have poor performance.

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Effect of Mineralogy, Pore Geometry, and Fluid Type on the Elastic Properties of the Bakken Formation

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Pore- and Core-Scale Mechanisms Controlling Supercritical Cyclic Gas Utilization for Enhanced Recovery under Immiscible and Miscible Conditions in the Three Forks Formation

Pore- and Core-Scale Mechanisms Controlling Supercritical Cyclic Gas Utilization for Enhanced Recovery under Immiscible and Miscible Conditions in the Three Forks Formation

A Comprehensive Review of Fishbone Well Applications in Conventional and Renewable Energy Systems in the Path towards Net Zero

Water Saturation Prediction in the Middle Bakken Formation Using Machine Learning

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