Effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching on the strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

May, Michele Mirian; Fraga, Sara; May, Liliana Gressler

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.031

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, during flexural loading, the interaction between stress concentrations acting at the flaw population, the compressive residual stresses due to machining and the fracture toughness of the material, determine its strength 11 . Impairment to the mechanical behavior of glass‐ceramics has been reported as a result of the machining process 10,12–15 . The results of the present study are in agreement with these findings, since we observed that CAD–CAM machining (M group) introduced defects at the ceramic surface (Figure 2), increasing surface roughness and significantly reducing the characteristic flexural fatigue strength, number of cycles for fatigue failure, and survival probabilities when compared to the polishing condition (P group).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic

et al. 2022

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This study evaluated the effect of resin cement coating with high and low viscosities on the flexural fatigue strength of machined lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Discs (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) were prepared and divided according to the surface condition (machining [M]-CEREC inLab; and polishing [P]-laboratory procedures), resin cement coating (with or without), and cement viscosity (high [H] and low [L]). The ceramic bonding surface was etched/primed by a one-step primer application followed by resin cement application (Variolink N base + high or low viscosity catalyst; Ivoclar Vivadent). Biaxial flexural fatigue strength was evaluated on a pistonon-three-ball set by the step-test method (n = 15) (initial stress: 60 MPa; incremental steps: 20 MPa; 10,000 cycles/step, at 20 Hz). Weibull statistics were used for fatigue data. Contact angle, topographic, and fractographic analysis were also performed.Machining produced statistically lower contact angle than polishing and a significant detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior (σ 0 M = 247.2 [246.9-268.3]; σ 0 P = 337.4 [297.8-382.4]). Machined groups followed by resin cement coating (σ 0 MH = 297.9 [276.0-321.5]; σ 0 Ml = 301.2 [277.1-327.4]) behaved similarly to the polished and coated groups (σ 0 PH = 342.0 [308.9-378.5]; σ 0 PL = 357.3 [324.7-393.1]), irrespective of the cement viscosity. Therefore, cement coating has able to revert the detrimental effects of the machining on the fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. High and low viscosity cements behaved similarly in the improvement of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate fatigue strength.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As previously related, machining reshapes the surface and introduces surface flaws, producing a rougher surface that may be accompanied by a strength limitation 10,12–15 . However, contact angles values depicted that machining produced higher surface energy and wettability than polishing (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic

et al. 2022

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“…EN achieves the best values in terms of surface treatment with 5% hydrofluoric acid etching and should be etched for 60 s if possible, in order to create an optimum microretentive surface on the one hand and at the same time to avoid damage to the ceramic matrix by “over-etching” [ 26 , 27 ]. For UL, Reymus et al postulated that a successful adhesive bonding of CAD-CAM resin nanocomposites with luting composites requires airborne-particle abrading, as significantly higher tensile strength values can be realized [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pre-Treatment and Artificial Aging on the Retention of 3D-Printed Permanent Composite Crowns

et al. 2022

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The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the bonding properties of a 3D-printable permanent composite material in comparison to milled composite materials. The tested materials are 3D-printed BEGO VarseoSmile Crown plus (VA1_ab, VA1_nt, VA2_ab, VA2_nt), Vita Enamic (EN1, EN2), and 3M Lava Ultimate (UL1, UL2) (N = 64; n = 8). For this purpose, all crowns are luted to polymer tooth stumps #46 (FDI) using dual-curing luting composite, strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions. VA1_ab and VA2_ab are additionally airborne-particle abraded. 4 groups (VA2_ab, VA2_nt, EN2, UL2) are artificially aged (1,200,000 cycles, 50 N, 10,000 thermocycles), whereby no specimen has failed. All 64 specimens undergo pull-off testing until retention loss. The mean forces of retention-loss is 786.6 ± 137.6 N (VA1_nt, *), 988.6 ± 212.1 N (VA2_nt, *, Ɨ), 1223.8 ± 119.2 N (VA1_ab, Ɨ, ǂ), 1051.9 ± 107.2 N (VA2_ab, *, Ɨ), 1185.9 ± 211.8 N (EN1, Ɨ, ǂ), 1485.0 ± 198.2 N EN2, ǂ), 1533.8 ± 42.4 N (UL1, ǂ), and 1521.8 ± 343.4 N (UL2, ǂ) (one-way ANOVA (Scheffé method); p < 0.05; *, Ɨ, ǂ: group distribution). No characteristic failure modes can be detected. In conclusion, all of the pull-off forces reflect retention values that seem to be sufficiently high for clinical use. Additional airborne-particle abrasion of VA does not result in significantly better retention but can be recommended.

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“…Lithium silicate is more susceptible to HF action than feldspathic. HF concentrations above 5% used for more than 20 s significantly influence the characteristics of the material, promoting a decrease in the material strength [ 81 ]. Additionally, higher HF concentrations can also result in worse adhesion, as shown in an in vitro study by Pérez et al [ 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the Most Effective Technique for Bonding Brackets on Ceramic—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: There has been an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment within the adult population, who likely receive restorative treatments using ceramic structures. The current state of the art regarding the most effective method to achieve an appropriate bond strength of brackets on ceramic surfaces isn’t consensual. This systematic review aims to compare the available surface treatments to ceramics and determine the one that allows to obtain the best bond strength. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO methodology was used, with the question “What is the most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic crowns or veneers?”. The research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. In vitro and ex vivo studies were included. The methodological quality was evaluated using the guidelines for reporting of preclinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr. Results: A total of 655 articles searched in various databases were initially scrutinized. Sevety one articles were chosen for quality analysis. The risk of bias was considered medium to high in most studies. The use of hydrofluoric acid (HF), silane and laser afforded the overall best results. HF and HF plus laser achieved significantly highest bond strength scores in felsdphatic porcelain, while laser was the best treatment in lithium disilicate ceramics. Conclusions: The most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic is dependent on the type of ceramic.

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Effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching on the strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic

Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic

Influence of Pre-Treatment and Artificial Aging on the Retention of 3D-Printed Permanent Composite Crowns

What Is the Most Effective Technique for Bonding Brackets on Ceramic—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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