Effect of milk replacer and concentrate intake on growth rate, feeding behaviour and systemic metabolite concentrations of pre-weaned bull calves of two dairy breeds

Byrne, C.J.; Fair, Seán; English, A.M.; Johnston, Dayle; Lonergan, P.; Kenny, David A.

doi:10.1017/s1751731117000350

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our work together with that of [ 11 , 14 ] indicate that physiological processes in adipose tissue such as lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism and overall lipid metabolism may be contributing to variation in RFI. Discrepancies between the results reported here and those of other authors may be a consequence of variation in diet, gender, breed and stage of maturity of the animals employed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Pregnant heifers were managed under standard protocols and following calving, were allowed to suckle their calves for a period of up to 7 d. In order to standardise rearing, calves were then abruptly weaned. Calves were offered milk replacer (MR) (Blossom Easymix; Volac, Co. Cavan, Ireland) and concentrate in pelleted form using an electronic feeding system (Vario; Foster-Tecknik, Engen, Germany), which recorded all feed-related events including intake of both MR and concentrate, drinking speed, as well as number of rewarded (when calves receive milk) and unrewarded (no milk dispensed) visits to the machine [ 11 ]. Calves were subsequently weaned at 10 weeks of age and were offered concentrate and hay on a 50:50 dry matter basis until turnout to pasture at approximately 6 mo of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relationship between lipogenesis and RFI in cattle has previously been highlighted [ 11 ]. In addition, in a study examining major gene networks associated with RFI, it was observed that RFI was associated with lipid and steroid metabolism, in particular lipogenesis and cholesterol metabolism [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual feed intake phenotype and gender affect the expression of key genes of the lipogenesis pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle

McKenna

Porter

Keogh³

et al. 2018

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundFeed accounts for up to 75% of costs in beef production systems, thus any improvement in feed efficiency (FE) will benefit the profitability of this enterprise. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of FE that is independent of level of production. Adipose tissue (AT) is a major endocrine organ and the primary metabolic energy reservoir. It modulates a variety of processes related to FE such as lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis and thus measures of inter-animal variation in adiposity are frequently included in the calculation of the RFI index. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phenotypic RFI status and gender on the expression of key candidate genes related to processes involved in energy metabolism within AT. Dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were measured over a period of 70 d for 52 purebred Simmental heifers (n = 24) and bulls (n = 28) with an initial BW±SD of 372±39.6 kg and 387±50.6 kg, respectively. Residual feed intake was calculated and animals were ranked within gender by RFI into high (inefficient; n = 9 heifers and n = 8 bulls) and low (efficient; n = 9 heifers and n = 8 bulls) groups.ResultsAverage daily gain ±SD and daily DMI ±SD for heifers and bulls were 1.2±0.4 kg and 9.1±0.5 kg, and 1.8±0.3 kg and 9.5±1 kg respectively. High RFI heifers and bulls consumed 10% and 15% more (P < 0.05) than their low RFI counterparts, respectively. Heifers had a higher expression of all genes measured than bulls (P < 0.05). A gender × RFI interaction was detected for HMGCS2(P < 0.05) in which high RFI bulls tended to have lower expression of HMGCS2 than low RFI bulls (P < 0.1), whereas high RFI heifers had higher expression than low RFI heifers (P < 0.05) and high RFI bulls (P < 0.05). SLC2A4 expression was consistently higher in subcutaneous AT of low RFI animals across gender.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that low RFI cattle exhibit upregulation of the molecular mechanisms governing glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, in particular, glucose clearance. The decreased expression of SLC2A4 in the inefficient cattle may result in less efficient glucose metabolism in these animals. We conclude that SLC2A4 may be a potential biomarker for RFI in cattle.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0282-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual feed intake phenotype and gender affect the expression of key genes of the lipogenesis pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle

McKenna

Porter

Keogh³

et al. 2018

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Greater ADG pre-weaning is associated with increases in first lactation milk yield in heifers [27], and greater 25-month slaughter weights in Friesian bull calves [28]. Overall, the rates of ADG observed in the present study were comparable to HF bull calves in a recent experiment from our lab which compared pre-weaning rearing regimes for HF and Jersey bull calves at differing planes of nutrition [29]. Calves that received FO had lower ADG to weaning than non FO supplemented calves, which was likely due to the reduced intake of concentrates in the pre-weaning period in calves offered FO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre- and post-weaning periods

McDonnell

O’Doherty

Earley

et al. 2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundPrevious research in both calves and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and β-glucans may have positive effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance, behaviour, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calves with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans derived from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calves, aged 13.7 ± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered 5 L (120 g/L) per day of milk replacer (MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR, (1) Control (CON); (2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day (FO); (3) 1 g β-glucans per day (GL) and (4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans (FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62 (pre-weaning), while concentrate provision continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Individual daily feed intake and feeding behaviour was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular intervals.ResultsOverall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calves, respectively (SEM = 0.037; P < 0.0001). Calves supplemented with GL were significantly lighter (P < 0.0001) at both weaning (d 62) and turnout to pasture (d 93) than un-supplemented calves, with a similar effect (P < 0.0001) evident for calves receiving FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded visits where milk was not consumed (P < 0.0001) while supplementation with FO increased mean drinking speed (P < 0.0001). Supplementation with GL resulted in greater concentrations of haptoglobin (P = 0.034), greater serum osmolality (P = 0.021) and lower lymphocyte levels (P = 0.027). In addition, cells from GL supplemented calves exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin A stimulated IFN-γ (P = 0.019) and Concanavalin A stimulated IFN-γ (P = 0.012) following in vitro challenges.ConclusionsPre-weaning supplementation of bull calves with either n-3 PUFA or β-glucan resulted in reduced voluntary feed intake of concentrate and consequently poorer pre-weaning calf performance. There was no evidence for any beneficial effect of either supplementation strategy on calves’ immune responses.

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“…Adicional a la calidad de la fibra, existen alternativas no convencionales para promover el desarrollo ruminal, relacionadas con la suplementación forrajera, como la suplementación con extractos de plantas, a modo de opción al uso de antibióticos como promotores de crecimiento (Macheboeuf et al, 2008). Sin embargo, en mayor medida, el uso de alternativas forrajeras y de alimentos sólidos altamente fermentables a temprana edad que promuevan el desarrollo ruminal, reduzcan el suministro de alimento lácteo (leche entera o lactoreemplazador), y con ello los trastornos digestivos durante esta etapa, se convierten en una alternativa relevante, puesto que podría representar una diminución en los costos de alimentación y mano de obra en el pre-destete, y un incremento en el margen de rentabilidad (Aquino y Cruz, 2019), sin dejar de lado el aporte de los requerimientos nutricionales, evitando así, el retraso en el crecimiento, desarrollo y potencial productivo de los animales (Byrne et al, 2017), influenciando positivamente la eficiencia alimenticia (Flores, 2019).…”

Section: Alimentación Sólidaunclassified

Alimentación: factor estratégico durante la crianza artificial de terneros provenientes de lecherías

et al. 2020

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Introducción. Los sistemas de lechería especializada en Colombia, representan el sector más tecnificado de la producción bovina, pero presentan retos en torno a la rentabilidad y competitividad con el mercado de productos lácteos importados, que establece una desventaja para la producción local. Sin embargo, la crianza de machos y hembras de descarte, para producción de carne, puede ser una alternativa competitiva. Objetivo. Profundizar en el manejo de la alimentación durante la crianza de terneros provenientes de lecherías. Desarrollo. La crianza artificial consiste en el manejo, cuidado y alimentación de los terneros hasta el destete y su objetivo es lograr que los animales dependan menos nutricionalmente de la leche, a la menor edad posible, y puedan incorporar alimentos sólidos a la dieta. La a alimentación base de los terneros durante la crianza es: calostro, leche o lactoreemplazador, alimento concentrado, y forraje. Se debe asegurar la medición de la calidad de calostro y ofrecerlo en mayor proporción durante la primer hora posparto. La leche o lactoreemplazador se deberá dar máximo durante ocho semanas con tendencia a disminuir el periodo sin afectar el desarrollo de los terneros, ofreciendo un producto de calidad composicional y sanitaria. El concentrado y la fuente de forraje, podrá ser ofrecida desde las primeras semanas de vida, garantizando la calidad y retirando los sobrantes para evitar problemas gastrointestinales. Conclusión. La cría como etapa crítica requiere un manejo estratégico de la alimentación. El suministro de calostro de calidad en el momento indicado, es la base de toda la etapa de producción. La alimentación líquida es esencial para la adaptación fisiológica y enzimática del tracto gastrointestinal, mientras que el alimento sólido es fundamental para el desarrollo ruminal.

show abstract

Effect of milk replacer and concentrate intake on growth rate, feeding behaviour and systemic metabolite concentrations of pre-weaned bull calves of two dairy breeds

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Residual feed intake phenotype and gender affect the expression of key genes of the lipogenesis pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle

Residual feed intake phenotype and gender affect the expression of key genes of the lipogenesis pathway in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle

Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre- and post-weaning periods

Alimentación: factor estratégico durante la crianza artificial de terneros provenientes de lecherías

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