Attapulgite/polypyrrole (ATP/PPy) nanocomposite, which is well defined with nanoscale rod-like morphology, was prepared in the presence of phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PPVA-ATP/PPy) by chemical oxidative polymerization. PPVA functioned as both the dopant and the dispersant in this work. The composites possess good dispersion stability, high electrical conductivity at room temperature, and weak temperature dependence of the conductivity. Moreover, it was found that their dispersion stabilities in water increased with the increasing feeding ratio of PPVA. In addition, the thermal stability of conductivity PPVA-ATP/PPy composites was also enhanced by PPVA. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2015, 34, 21497; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.