Effect of microtubule resonant frequencies on neurons

Rafati, Yousef; Cantu, Jody C.; Sedelnikova, Anna; Tolstykh, Gleb P.; Peralta, Xomalin G.; Valdez, Christopher M.; Echchgadda, Ibtissam

doi:10.1117/12.2546569

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The different calculations of coherent/regulating and decoherent/deregulating patterns are presented in Appendices 1-4: Mavromatos [71]; Sahu [67] [68]; Saxena [73]; Rafati [75]; Koch [76]; Pizzi [77]; Li [78]; Barlow [133]; Palalle [134]; Romanenko [135]; Chafai [81]; Hameroff [8]; Dotta [85]; Kalra [86]; Hough [136]; Hintzsche [90]; Cantero [63]; Tuszynski [91]; Nardecchia [12]; Tang [92]; Titova [93] [94] [95]; Bogomazova [96]; Zhao [97]; Lechelon [99]; Hernández-Bule [101]; Safavi [102]; Lundholm [9]; Ahlberg Gagnér [10]; Alexandrov [107] [108]; Bock [109]; Echchgadda [110] [111]; Wilmink [114] [115] [116]; Grundt [113];…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

Geesink¹,

Schmieke²

2022

JMP

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Conformational states of microtubules and proteins have typical spatialspectral arrangements of atoms, called spatial coherence, that are characteristic for building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Microtubules show a principle of a self-organizing-synergetic structure called a Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein state. The spatial coherence of this state can be described by a toroidal quantum equation of coherence. In this space, microtubules and proteins have typical discrete frequency patterns. These frequencies comply with two proposed quantum wave equations of respective coherence (regulation) and decoherence (deregulation), that describe quantum entangled and disentangled states. The proposed equation of coherence shows the following typical scale invariant distribution of energy: E n = ħω ref 2 q 3 m . The proposed model supports quantum entanglement and is in line with the earlier published models of Fröhlich, Davydov, and Chern. A meta-analysis shows a semi-harmonic scale-invariant pattern for microtubules, stem cells, proteins, and EEG-and MEG-patterns. A fit has been found for about 50 different organizing frequencies and 5 disorganizing frequencies of measured microtubule frequencies that fit with the calculated values of the proposed quantum equations, which are positioned in a nested toroidal geometry. All measured and analysed frequencies of microtubules comply with the same energy distribution found for Bose-Einstein condensates. The overall results show a presence of an informational quantum code, a direct relation with the eigenfrequencies of microtubules, stem cells, DNA, and proteins, that supplies information to realize biological order in life cells and substantiates a collective Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein type of behaviour and further support the models of Tuszynski, Hameroff,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

Geesink¹,

Schmieke²

2022

JMP

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“…The cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm is also associated with many vital physiological processes in neurons, including cell adhesion, migration, and neurite outgrowth. Cytoskeletal microtubules may vibrate in response to the mechanical resonance introduced by SAW stimulation ( Hameroff et al, 2013 ; Rafati et al, 2020 ). Cytoskeletal actin fibers were found to be driven through fluidization during ultrasound operation, and cytoskeleton remodeling in response to ultrasound has been reported ( Mizrahi et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Samandari et al, 2017 ), where the fluidization and remodeling of the cytoskeleton are analogous to the rejuvenation of soft glassy materials ( López-Menéndez and Rodríguez, 2017 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Acoustic Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Applications of Neuromodulation Using Surface Acoustic Waves—A Mini-Review

et al. 2021

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The study of neurons is fundamental for basic neuroscience research and treatment of neurological disorders. In recent years ultrasound has been increasingly recognized as a viable method to stimulate neurons. However, traditional ultrasound transducers are limited in the scope of their application by self-heating effects, limited frequency range and cavitation effects during neuromodulation. In contrast, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, which are producing wavemodes with increasing application in biomedical devices, generate less self-heating, are smaller and create less cavitation. SAW devices thus have the potential to address some of the drawbacks of traditional ultrasound transducers and could be implemented as miniaturized wearable or implantable devices. In this mini review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of SAW-based neuromodulation, including mechanical displacement, electromagnetic fields, thermal effects, and acoustic streaming. We also review the application of SAW actuation for neuronal stimulation, including growth and neuromodulation. Finally, we propose future directions for SAW-based neuromodulation.

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“…A direct control of neuronal activity by the electromagnetic field was demonstrated by Duke et al [ 32 ] and Yoo et al [ 33 ]. Biophysical and neurophysiological changes including increased neuronal excitability by exposing cell cultures to electromagnetic field at selected resonant frequencies of microtubules was studied by Rafati et al [ 34 ]. The fast-acting electromagnetic mechanism of neuronal communication prior to the spike, facilitating decision-making processes in the brain, has been revealed by Singh et al [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Electromagnetic Field by Microtubules

Pokorný

Vrba

2021

IJMS

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The general mechanism of controlling, information and organization in biological systems is based on the internal coherent electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is supposed to be generated by microtubules composed of identical tubulin heterodimers with periodic organization and containing electric dipoles. We used a classical dipole theory of generation of the electromagnetic field to analyze the space–time coherence. The structure of microtubules with the helical and axial periodicity enables the interaction of the field in time shifted by one or more periods of oscillation and generation of coherent signals. Inner cavity excitation should provide equal energy distribution in a microtubule. The supplied energy coherently excites oscillators with a high electrical quality, microtubule inner cavity, and electrons at molecular orbitals and in ‘semiconduction’ and ‘conduction’ bands. The suggested mechanism is supposed to be a general phenomenon for a large group of helical systems.

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Effect of microtubule resonant frequencies on neurons

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

Mechanisms and Applications of Neuromodulation Using Surface Acoustic Waves—A Mini-Review

Generation of Electromagnetic Field by Microtubules

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