Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers during high-temperature graphitization

Liu, Fujie; Wang, Haojing; Xue, Linbing; Fan, Lei; Zhu, Zhenping

doi:10.1007/s10853-008-2633-y

Cited by 133 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The relationship between the I D / I G value and the tensile strength of carbon fibers is still controversial. Liu et al found that the tensile strength of carbon fibers increased with the increasing I D / I G value due to a higher degree of covalent cross‐linking between the graphene planes, which could prevent the graphene planes from slipping under shear stress when the fiber was stretched . However, according to a recent research by Chae et al, the increased tensile strength of carbon fibers was accompanied by the decreased I D / I G value …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be an important technique to investigate the lattice dynamics and vibration of carbon materials on account of its sensitivity to changes in the structure of carbons . The Raman spectra have been widely used in the last four decades to characterize carbonaceous materials, such as such as carbon fibers, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and whiskers . The Raman spectrum of carbonaceous materials is composed of a number of wavenumber bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the relationship between the mechanical properties and the Raman measurements can be established. It is found that there is a nearly linear relationship between the I D / I G value and the tensile modulus of HMCFs . The relationship between the I D / I G value and the tensile strength of carbon fibers is still controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of fiber microstructure studied by Raman spectroscopy upon the mechanical properties of carbon fibers

Qian

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based high‐performance carbon fibers, including high‐strength carbon fibers (HSCFs), high‐modulus carbon fibers (HMCFs), and ultrahigh‐modulus carbon fibers (UHMCFs), was systematically characterized by the Raman spectroscopy. Two characteristic bands, D‐line and G‐line, showed up in the Raman spectra of HSCFs, HMCFs, and UHMCFs. However, the wavenumber of the G‐line peak of HSCFs shifted to higher wavenumber (about 1,595 cm−1) and that of the D‐line peak of HMCFs and UHMCFs shifted to lower wavenumber (about 1,350 cm−1). The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers was also studied in detail. It was of significant relevance between surface disordered structure and the mechanical properties of HSCFs, and decreases in the full width at half maximum values of the disorder‐induced D‐line and A‐line could result in higher tensile strength and tensile modulus of HSCFs. As for HMCFs and UHMCFs, the disorder‐induced D′‐line more easily affected the tensile strength. A higher tensile modulus of HMCF and UHMCF was obtained as a result of decreases in the disordered structure and increases in the graphite structure. An increase of the intensity ratio ID/IG together with IA/IG (HSCFs) or ID′/IG (HMCFs and UHMCFs) could result in increases in the tensile strength and tensile modulus of carbon fibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of fiber microstructure studied by Raman spectroscopy upon the mechanical properties of carbon fibers

Qian

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…4 and Table 3. In the first order spectra (1000-2000 cm -1 ) the disorder induced (D) and graphite (G) bands appear at 1360 and 1580 cm -1 , respectively [54,55]. Of the first order peaks, the D band is the most prominent across all samples.…”

Section: Degree Of Graphitizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Properties of mesoporous carbon modified carbon felt for anode of all-vanadium redox flow battery

Schmidt

Cao

2016

Sci. China Mater.

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A novel anode material for all-vanadium redox flow battery was synthesized by dispersion coating of sol-gel processed (resorcinol-furaldehyde) mesoporous carbon (MPC) onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile carbon felt (CF). The coated samples were then annealed at 900°C and 1100°C and the subsequent morphology, surface chemistry, and electrochemical properties of the MPC coated CF were characterized and compared with an uncoated CF. Addition of the MPC coating is shown to dramatically increase surface area while also increasing the number of active surface oxygen groups particularly for samples annealed at 1100°C. MPC coating shows a mixed effect on electrochemical properties. Characterization with cyclic voltammetry reveals the introduction of MPC coating provides roughly 30% increase in peak current density for the oxidation and reduction reactions of the V(IV)/V(V ) redox couple, which is attributed to the significantly increased number of active reaction sites. However, MPC coating seems to be accompanied by a reduction in conductivity as demonstrated by increased redox peak separation and charge transfer resistance. This negative effect on conductivity can be mitigated by heat treatment (at or above 1100°C) which improves surface graphitization reducing redox peak separation and charge transfer resistance such that it is comparable with uncoated samples.

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“…Low temperature stabilization is followed by carbonization at temperatures up to 1600 • C under inert conditions, and in some cases, graphitization treatment at temperatures up to 3000 • C, which increases the Young's modulus and electrical conductivity. 1,4,67,70,71 The structure and properties of CFs depend on many factors including precursor chemistry, the spinning method, draw ratio, wind-up speed, heating temperatures and rates during thermal treatment, and post-spinning stretching to increase the orientation of crystallites along the fiber axis. 1,4,68 High-modulus CFs are typically prepared from PAN by wet spinning or mesophase pitch 72 by melt spinning and generally have an axially oriented graphitic structure, with different transverse textures.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-based Carbon Fibers

Dallmeyer

Kadla

2014

Handbook of Green Materials

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An overview of the production of carbon fibers based on lignin is presented. The structure, isolation, and properties of lignin are first discussed in the context of their effects on carbon fiber production. A general overview of carbon fiber manufacturing is then presented to provide background for a discussion of previous and current research on lignin-based carbon fiber. Current research on fiber spinning, thermostabilization, and carbonization of lignin is reviewed and directions for future research are discussed. Finally, emerging new opportunities for lignin-based carbon fiber in non-structural applications are presented, highlighting recent research from our laboratory on the production of sub-micron and nanometer scale carbon fibers by electrospinning of lignin. IntroductionCarbon fibers (CFs) are rather unique materials which can simultaneously display high tensile strength (up to ∼7 GPa), high tensile modulus (up to 900 GPa), and low density (ρ = 1.75-2.00 gcm −3 ). 1 These properties make CF an ideal reinforcement material in high-strength, lightweight composite materials used in aerospace, automotive, marine, and sporting goods applications. 1−4 The electrical, thermal, and surface properties of CF can also be engineered to exhibit different characteristics, making them useful as adsorbents, 5 catalyst supports, 6 biomedical materials, 7 electromagnetic shielding, 8 and in other electrical applications 8 such as electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) for energy storage or capacitive deionization, 9−14 Li + -ion batteries, 15−17 fuel cells, 18,19 and dye-sensitized solar cells. 20 Unfortunately, high cost is an obstacle to large-scale implementation of CFs and their composites for automotive and energy applications. The dominant precursor for CF today are synthetic poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)-based copolymers. PAN precursor costs have been reported to account for approximately half of the manufacturing cost of high-performance CF, which was reported to be in the range of ∼US$12.25 to US$30/kg. 21 Replacement of PAN with lower-cost precursors could expand the range of applications for CF.

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Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers during high-temperature graphitization

Cited by 133 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of fiber microstructure studied by Raman spectroscopy upon the mechanical properties of carbon fibers

Effect of fiber microstructure studied by Raman spectroscopy upon the mechanical properties of carbon fibers

Properties of mesoporous carbon modified carbon felt for anode of all-vanadium redox flow battery

Lignin-based Carbon Fibers

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