Effect of microsites, logs and ungulate browsing on Picea abies regeneration in a mountain forest

Kupferschmid, Andrea D.; Bugmann, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.008

Cited by 84 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Most studies have highlighted its negative role as a competitor for growing space and resources (Table 1; Figure 4). This was suggested from research on gaps in managed forests [130,131] and in large openings created by disturbance [21,35,40,75,105,110]. On the other hand, post-disturbance ground vegetation conserves nutrients on site by the intensive use of resources and exuberant growth [132,133], prevents erosion [134], and may facilitate tree regeneration by acting as nurse plants preventing seeds from getting washed away and providing less severe environmental conditions [135].…”

Section: Ground Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CWD represents a seedbed for spruce and fir [125,148]. Decomposed CWD strongly facilitates seedling survival [110,149], but it is not available immediately after windthrow (Table 1). Thus, only some of the effects of CWD on post-disturbance regeneration are relevant.…”

Section: Coarse Woody Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, only some of the effects of CWD on post-disturbance regeneration are relevant. CWD has a temporary negative effect when it occupies microsites potentially suitable for regeneration [34], while positive effects include preventing erosion [31], facilitating development of safe sites for regeneration [102], and protecting seedlings against browsing and competing vegetation [150]; the latter was not confirmed in all studies where it was examined [110]. In most post-disturbance regeneration studies in Slovenia, CWD was negatively associated with seedling density and coverage [21,73,76,92,103,106].…”

Section: Coarse Woody Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests in Central Europe: A Synthesis

Diaci

Roženbergar

Fidej

et al. 2017

Forests

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Forest managers are often required to restore forest stands following natural disturbances, a situation that may become more common and more challenging under global change. In parts of Central Europe, particularly in mountain regions dominated by mixed temperate forests, the use of relatively low intensity, uneven-aged silviculture is a common management approach. Because this type of management is based on mimicking less intense disturbances, the restoration of more severe disturbance patches within forested landscapes has received little attention. The goal of this paper is to synthesize research on the restoration of forests damaged by disturbances in temperate forests of Slovenia and neighbouring regions of Central Europe, where uneven-aged silviculture is practiced. Research indicates that active management aimed at favouring mixed uneven-aged forest reduces the risk of disturbance and improves the resilience of stands. Salvage logging may have positive or negative effects on regeneration, much of which is due to the method applied and the quality of work. The most prominent factors that negatively affect restoration are: lack of advanced regeneration and decomposed woody debris, high altitude, steep slopes, dense ground vegetation, and overbrowsing. Planting or sowing should be applied in post-disturbance forests where many negative factors interact and where a high demand for sustainability of forest ecosystem services is present.

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Section: Ground Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coarse Woody Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coarse Woody Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests in Central Europe: A Synthesis

Diaci

Roženbergar

Fidej

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…In areas with harsh climate the occurrence of suitable microsites for seedlings and saplings, providing better conditions for their survival and growth, is an important aspect of phytocoenosis regeneration (Harmon et al 1986;Kuuluvainen 1994;Hörnberg et al 1995;Kupferschmid and Bugmann 2005a). The presence of different types of microsites creates diverse environmental conditions in terms of temperature, moisture, and light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subalpine forests, the role of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the regeneration process is particularly pronounced (Kupferschmid and Bugmann 2005a). In the Carpathians, this mountain zone is dominated by Picea abies (Jaworski and Karczmarski 1995;Chwistek 2001;Holeksa et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Bujoczek¹,

Bujoczek²,

Banaś³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The occurrence probability of Picea abies seedlings on fallen deadwood was found to increase with diameter and decay stage of deadwood and with the volume of living trees, and to decrease with the density of living trees, sapling density, and land slope; it was also higher on stumps with greater diameter and in plots with higher sapling density, but decreased with increasing stump height. AbstractThe density of Picea abies [L.] Karst. regeneration on different microsites, the quantity and quality of woody microsites, and seedling occurrence probability on stumps and fallen deadwood were studied in a subalpine forest in the Gorce Mountains, part of the western Carpathians, which has been under protection for approximately 30-40 years. Thirty percent of seedlings and 29% of saplings grew on stumps and fallen deadwood, while the remaining regeneration occurred on the forest floor and mounds created by uprooted trees. The occurrence probability of Picea seedlings on fallen deadwood increased with deadwood diameter and decay stage and with the volume of living trees, and decreased with increased density of living trees, sapling density, and land slope. Furthermore, seedlings were more likely to grow on stumps with a greater diameter and in plots with higher sapling density, but less likely to grow on higher stumps. Stumps and fallen deadwood covered about 408 m 2 /ha of the forest floor, but strongly decomposed logs and those of a diameter exceeding 30 cm, which are the most important for promoting regeneration, took up only about 22 m 2 /ha. In the studied subalpine forest, which has been protected for 30-40 years, tree regeneration takes place mostly on the forest floor and on stumps. The role of fallen deadwood increases over time as a greater number of suitable logs of sufficient size and decay stage become available.

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Life and death of Picea abies after bark‐beetle outbreak: ecological processes driving seedling recruitment

Macek

Wild

Kopecký

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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The severity and spatial extent of bark-beetle outbreaks substantially increased in recent decades worldwide. The ongoing controversy about natural forest recovery after these outbreaks highlights the need for individual-based long-term studies, which disentangle processes driving forest regeneration. However, such studies have been lacking. To fill this gap, we followed the fates of 2,552 individual seedlings for 12 years after a large-scale bark-beetle outbreak that caused complete canopy dieback in mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in southeast Germany. We explore the contribution of advance, disturbance-related, and post-disturbance regeneration to forest recovery. Most seedlings originated directly within the three-year dieback of canopy trees induced by bark-beetle outbreak. After complete canopy dieback, the establishment of new seedlings was minimal. Surprisingly, advance regeneration formed only a minor part of all regeneration. However, because it had the highest survival rate, its importance increased over time. The most important factor influencing the survival of seedlings after disturbance was their height. Survival was further modified by microsite: seedlings established on dead wood survived best, whereas almost all seedlings surrounded by graminoids died. For 5 cm tall seedlings, annual mortality ranged from 20 to 50% according to the rooting microsite. However, for seedlings taller than 50 cm, annual mortality was below 5% at all microsites. While microsite modified seedling mortality, it did not affect seedling height growth. A model of regeneration dynamics based on short-term observations accurately predicts regeneration height growth, but substantially underestimates mortality rate, thus predicting more surviving seedlings than were observed. We found that P. abies forests were able to regenerate naturally even after severe bark-beetle outbreaks owing to advance and particularly disturbance-related regeneration. This, together with microsite-specific mortality, yields structurally and spatially diverse forests. Our study thus highlights the so far unrecognized importance of disturbance-related regeneration for stand recovery after bark-beetle outbreaks.

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Effect of microsites, logs and ungulate browsing on Picea abies regeneration in a mountain forest

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests in Central Europe: A Synthesis

Challenges for Uneven-Aged Silviculture in Restoration of Post-Disturbance Forests in Central Europe: A Synthesis

Spruce regeneration on woody microsites in a subalpine forest in the western Carpathians

Life and death of Picea abies after bark‐beetle outbreak: ecological processes driving seedling recruitment

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