Effect of micro and nanoparticle inorganic fillers on the field emission characteristics of photosensitive carbon nanotube pastes

High-Performance Field Electron Emitters Fabricated Using a Free-Standing Carbon Nanotube Film

“…This is caused by the high density emission sites of approximately 1.9 × 10 6 ea/cm 2 at the edge of the CNT film, which is calculated by an emission current obtained at the emission area. As a result, the CNT field emitter shows much better emission performance than the other CNT paste field emitters [16], [19], [28], [29]. The inset of Fig.…”

“…The CNT field emitter using a free-standing CNT film exhibited a very high emission current density of 100 A/cm 2 . On the other hand, CNT field emitters made by as-grown CNTs showed a low current density below 30 mA/cm 2 [10], [11], [40], [41] and the CNT field emitters made by CNT paste showed a current density below 10 A/cm 2 [16], [19], [28], [29], [32]- [39]. For cold cathode X-ray sources, it is necessary for CNT field emitters to have both the high emission current and the high emission current density.…”

“…Fig. 6 shows a comparison of the emission current density according to CNT field emitters [10], [11], [16], [19], [28], [29], [32]- [41]. To investigate the performance of the CNT field emitter exactly, we compared the emission current density of each CNT field emitter because CNT field emitters indicated a different emission area.…”

Field Emission Cathodes to Form an Electron Beam Prepared from Carbon Nanotube Suspensions

“…Fillers, then prevalent as binders, fill the empty spaces between the CNTs and the CNTs and the substrate. This improves the adhesion [1,115] necessary to perform mechanical post-treatment, ensures the recovery of the connection of CNTs which broke down due to Joule heating [71], but also enables us to avoid the arcing during emission [150]. It improves the field enhancement effects as a consequence of the protruding CNTs [138] or thermal stability, where fillers may play the role of oxidation-inhibiting compounds similar to the boron-or phosphorous-related compounds, as it has been presented by Floweri et al [73], where the addition of Ni prevailed the degradation of the field emission.…”

“…Fillers can be non-organic and organic, e.g., conductive pastes, glass frits, and metallic and polymer particles, as well as their composites and additives characterized by UV exposure sensitivity for fine patterning [105,149]. Fillers are added to the low content of CNTs in suspension, in order to serve as a bonding material for strengthening the film [150]. For example, fillers help to prevent field-dependent degradation, when the loosely bonded CNTs are extracted from the cathode by electrostatic force [97].…”