Effect of MgO on physicochemical property and phase transformation in copper slag

Zhang, Haipei; Li, Bo; Wei, Yonggang; Wang, Hua; Yang, Yindong

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.148

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Operation at a moderate temperature of 1190 °C, as noted within [21], did not lead to significant refractory wear. The effect of MgO in copper slags was studied in [26], showing that the addition of MgO Overall magnetite content is influenced by matte grade, SiO 2 /Fe ratio and operating temperature [21]. Considering that operating temperature is lower than the liquidus temperature, noted in Table 1, the actual magnetite content (without coal addition) would be higher, e.g., 8-10 wt.-% for the setting SiO 2 /Fe = 0.82 and SiO 2 /CaO = 7.0 [21].…”

Section: Matte Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operation at a moderate temperature of 1190 • C, as noted within [21], did not lead to significant refractory wear. The effect of MgO in copper slags was studied in [26], showing that the addition of MgO in copper slag increases the slag liquidus and viscosity (due to complex silica structure formation). This may hinder the recovery of matte from copper slags in terms of phase separation.…”

Section: Matte Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CoO (slag) + Fe (matte/alloy) → Co (matte/alloy) + FeO (slag) (23) CoO (slag) + FeS (matte/alloy) → CoS (matte/alloy) + FeO (slag) (24) NiO (slag) + FeS (matte/alloy) → NiS (matte/alloy) + FeO (slag) (25) 2 CuO (slag) + FeS (matte/alloy) → Cu 2 S (matte/alloy) + FeO (slag) + 0.5 O 2 (gas) (26) The produced low-grade cobalt matte (8 wt.-% Co and 20 wt.-% S) from the above process is further treated in a converting and a subsequent reduction step. During converting, cobalt would be concentrated in a slag phase; hence, a final reduction step of the converting slag would be required to concentrate cobalt as a metal alloy (exhibiting Co concentration of more than 20 wt.-%) [81].…”

Section: Distribution Of Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Top Submerged Lance (TSL) Processing—Part II: Thermodynamics, Slag Chemistry and Plant Flowsheets

Kandalam,

Reuter,

Stelter

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Part II of this series of review papers, the reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, slag chemistry and process flowsheets are analyzed concerning cases where the TSL bath smelter has found its application. These include the primary and secondary production routes of five non-ferrous metals (tin, copper, lead, nickel, zinc), ironmaking and two waste-processing applications (spent pot lining and municipal solid waste/related ash treatment). Thereby, chemistry and processing aspects of these processes are concisely reviewed here, allowing for clear and in-depth overview of related aspects. In contrast to Part I, the focus lies on a holistic analysis of the metallurgical processes themselves, especially the particularities induced by carrying them out in a TSL reactor rather than on the respective equipment and auxiliaries. The methodology employed per metal/application is presented briefly. Firstly, the feed type and associated statistical information are introduced, along with relevant process goals, e.g., the secondary metallurgy of copper involves the recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Subsequently, associated chemistry is discussed, including respective chemical equations, analysis of the reaction mechanisms and phase diagrams (especially of associated slag systems); these are redrawn using FactSage 8.1 (databases used: FactPS, FToxid, FTmisc, FTsalt and FTOxCN) and validated by comparing them with the literature. Then, based on the above understanding of chemistry and thermodynamics, the flowsheets of several industrial TSL plants are introduced and discussed while providing key figures associated with process conditions and input/output streams. Finally, this article culminates by providing a concise overview of the simulation and digitization efforts on TSL technology. In light of the foregoing discourse, this paper encapsulates basic principles and operational details, specifically those pertaining to TSL bath smelting operations within the non-ferrous industry, thereby offering valuable insights intended to benefit both scholarly researchers and industry professionals.

show abstract

Section: Matte Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Matte Smeltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Minor Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Top Submerged Lance (TSL) Processing—Part II: Thermodynamics, Slag Chemistry and Plant Flowsheets

Kandalam,

Reuter,

Stelter

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the impacts of MgO on other slag systems, such as ingested siliceous debris, 15 copper smelting slag, 16,17 blast furnace slag, 18,19 high gangue sinter, 20 have been evaluated by many researchers, very few of them investigated the effect of MgO on viscosity of CaO-SiO 2 mold flux. Liu et al 21 studied the variation of MgO content on viscosity of CaO-Al 2 O 3 mold flux, they found that MgO could lower the viscosity of aluminate system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of MgO on viscosity and melt structure of mold flux for continuous casting

Yan,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applicati

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The viscosity and structure of mold flux with different MgO content were investigated in this study. Results show that the viscosity at 1583 K reduces from 0.39 to 0.35 Pa·s, and the apparent activation energy decreases from 135.13 ± 3.78 to 69.53 ± 2.88 kJ/mol with the addition of MgO from 2 to 8 wt-%. Melt structure analyses suggest that the amount of more complex structural units, such as Q3(Si), Q4(Si), Si–O–Si and Al–O–Si decrease, meanwhile the simpler Q0(Si), Q1(Si) and Q2(Si) increase with increasing MgO content in the melt. However, [AlO4]5− symmetric tetrahedral increases, while [AlO4]5− asymmetric tetrahedral decreases with the addition of MgO due to the charge compensation effect. Finally, from the synthetic analyses of viscosity and melt structure, it can be concluded that the network breaker effect of O2− from MgO is much larger than the charge compensation effect of Mg2+ from MgO, which results in the reduction of viscosity and apparent activation energy of the mold flux melt.

show abstract

“…In copper production, for one ton of crude copper, between 2.2 and 3.0 tons of copper slag are produced, reaching 40 million tons in 2020 worldwide [16]. The high generation of this by-product generates major environmental impacts such as water and soil contamination [17], and if it is accumulated for a long time without treatment, it destroys land resources [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Alternative Materials in Concrete Mixtures: Effect of Copper Slag on Mechanical Properties and Carbonation Resistance

Silva,

Villaquirán-Caicedo,

Izquierdo

2023

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the effect on the flowability, compressive strength, absorption, sorptivity, and carbonation resistance of concrete with different copper slag (CS) replacement ratios was investigated. For this research, four concrete mixes with different percentages of CS were made (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of CS as replacement of cement by volume). In addition, the microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG–DTG). The results shows that the incorporation of CS reduces the workability and compressive strength of the mixtures, being more significant in concrete with 30% CS. The carbonation depth of concrete with CS increases monotonically with increasing CS. In addition, the compressive strength of the carbonated (20% and 30% CS) concretes show a loss of compressive strength at 90 days of exposure when compared to their water-cured counterparts. The use of low percentages of CS does not generate a decrease in workability and its mechanical effect is not significant at prolonged ages, so the use of this waste as SCM in percentages close to 10% is a viable alternative to the sustainability of concrete and the management of this residue.

show abstract

Effect of MgO on physicochemical property and phase transformation in copper slag

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Top Submerged Lance (TSL) Processing—Part II: Thermodynamics, Slag Chemistry and Plant Flowsheets

A Review of Top Submerged Lance (TSL) Processing—Part II: Thermodynamics, Slag Chemistry and Plant Flowsheets

Effect of MgO on viscosity and melt structure of mold flux for continuous casting

Exploring the Potential of Alternative Materials in Concrete Mixtures: Effect of Copper Slag on Mechanical Properties and Carbonation Resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About