Effect of metals on the rate of the oxidation of H<sub>2</sub>S in seawater

Vázquez, Gerardo J.; Zhang, Jia‐zhong ‐z; Millero, Frank J.

doi:10.1029/gl016i012p01363

Cited by 83 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Using a photomultiplier tube sensitive to the wavelengths 380-620 nm, they observed greater luminescence with higher sulfide concentrations (Figure 2.10) [Tapley, 1993]. They also noted decreased emission with the presence of a chelator, which supports the findings that metal catalysis plays a role in sulfide oxidation [e.g., Chen et al, 1972;Vazquez et al, 1989]. Indeed, as noted by Tapley et al [1999], hydrothermal vent fluids contain significant concentrations of sulfide and undergo rapid mixing with oxygenated seawater entrained in the vent plume.…”

Section: Tribo-and Crystalloluminescencesupporting

confidence: 68%

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

White¹

2000

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Section: Tribo-and Crystalloluminescencesupporting

confidence: 68%

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

White¹

2000

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“…free sulfide Vazquez et al, 1989 . It is therefore likely that the presence of sulfide in seawater is the result of a steady state of on-going processes of Ž production such as in flocs of bacteria and other .…”

Section: Copper Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tion by metals demonstrated that copper II monobisulfide has a higher oxidation rate than free sulfide, and that Zn 2q is more likely to stabilise sulfide Ž . Vazquez et al, 1989 . Voltammetry was used to monitor the distribution of sulfide in the water col-Ž .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–sulfide complexation in seawater

1999

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The conditional stability constants of metal-sulfide complexes were determined in pH 8 seawater at various salinities, by Ž . flow-analysis with detection by cathodic stripping voltammetry FA-CSV . Two methods were used. The first method was titration of the sulfide by metal with detection of the free sulfide by FA-CSV. The titrant metals were Ag q , Cd 2q , Co 2q , 2q 2q 2q 2q 3q 3q Ž . Fe , Mn , Pb , Zn , Cr and Al . This method was suitable for comparatively weak complexes log K -; 8 . The Ž . second method took advantage of ligand competition between sulfide and 8-hydroxyquinoline oxine for free metal ions. The ability of the oxine to form electroactive complexes with Cu 2q , Cd 2q , Pb 2q , Zn 2q , Co 2q and Ni 2q , was used to detect the concentration of the metal-oxine complexes in equilibrium with sulfide. More stable complexes could be detected by this method. The two independent methods could be compared for some metals showing good agreement. The stability of the sulfide complexes with copper was found to be much greater than previously determined, in line with theoretical q Ž . prediction. The high stability, greater than that for Ag , suggests that copper may be complexed by sulfide as copper I Ž .2q 2q rather than copper II . Complex stability with Co and Cd is also greater than found before, but the difference is smaller. The stability constants were used to calculate the speciation of sulfide at realistic sulfide and metal concentrations similar to those present in the open ocean. At a sulfide concentration of 0.5 nM and a copper concentration of 1 nM in Ž . Ž Ž . q . seawater, the major form of sulfide is copper II monobisulfide Cu HS representing 99% of the total sulfide. In the Ž . presence of natural organic complexing ligands a smaller percentage 28% of sulfide was bound to copper, the remainder occurring as bisulfide, whereas copper was then 71% complexed by organic matter. The new data and the calculations confirm the potential importance of sulfide as a complexing ligand in seawater, more important than major anions and competing effectively with natural organic ligands. q

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“…[19][20][21] Dissolved sulfide present in the oxic surface water of open oceans has been thought to be due to the formation of stable metal-sulfide complexes, such as ZnHS + . 21,22 However, the reason why dissolved sulfide exists stable in the oxic epilimnionic water of Lake Nakaumi remains unsolved. Further studies on the behavior of dissolved sulfide in the lake are currently in progress, and the results will be reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Application To Environmental Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Preconcentration Method for Trace Dissolved Sulfide in Environmental Water Samples Using Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Spectrophotometric Determination

et al. 1999

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Dissolved sulfide in environmental water, which forms HS -rather than H 2 S above pH 7, is produced from microbial sulfate reduction. It is highly toxic to most organisms, and stable only in anoxic aqueous environments, which are linked with water pollution, especially in closed water areas, such as lakes. 1 Therefore, the determination of dissolved sulfide is important for understanding the oxidation-reduction level and water quality in environmental water locations.The Methylene Blue spectrophotometric method is widely used for the determination of dissolved sulfide in water.2-4 Dissolved sulfide in fjord water samples was determined by the Methylene Blue method to clarify its behavior 5 , and the chemical interactions between dissolved sulfide and heavy metals. 6,7 This method was also applied to anoxic seawater samples. 8,9 However, there are serious problems concerning sample collection, the storage and preservation of water samples, and the determination procedure, because dissolved sulfide in water is rapidly oxidized in contact with air and readily escapes as gaseous hydrogen sulfide into the air. Therefore, it is recommended that, immediately after sample collection, dissolved sulfide in a water sample is fixed as zinc sulfide using a zinc acetate solution at sampling sites, and then determined spectrophotometrically in a laboratory. 2,3 However, this method requires one to carry a number of voluminous water samples containing the zinc sulfide precipitate back to the laboratory from the sampling sites. It appears to be advantageous and more convenient to make the sample size smaller for the sake of easy carriage and storage of samples in field works.We have already reported on simple and rapid preconcentration methods for iron (II) 10 , manganese(II) 11 , and both thiosulfate and sulfite 12 in water using a SepPak C18 cartridge packed with C18-bonded silica, and that for phosphate 13 in water using a small column packed with zirconium-loaded activated carbon. These methods were successfully applied to environmental water samples as an in situ one, which were available at sampling sites. We have also developed a simple field determination of dissolved sulfide in environmental water samples using a lead-loaded chelating resin column. 14 Although this method was available for an in situ determination, its sensitivity and determination limit (0.5 mg sulfide-S/l) were not adequate for dissolved sulfide concentrations in environmental water samples, because this method was based on the length of a colored layer (lead sulfide layer) in a column proportional to the dissolved sulfide concentration in water.This paper describes a simple and rapid method for the in situ collection and preconcentration of dissolved sulfide in environmental waters. This method is based on the solid-phase extraction of Methylene Blue converted from sulfide, with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, followed by a spectrophotometric determination. The Methylene Blue formation was based on the reaction of sulfide, iron(III) chloride, and N,N-dimet...

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Effect of metals on the rate of the oxidation of H₂S in seawater

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Metal–sulfide complexation in seawater

In situ Preconcentration Method for Trace Dissolved Sulfide in Environmental Water Samples Using Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Spectrophotometric Determination

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Effect of metals on the rate of the oxidation of H2S in seawater

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Metal–sulfide complexation in seawater

In situ Preconcentration Method for Trace Dissolved Sulfide in Environmental Water Samples Using Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Spectrophotometric Determination

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Effect of metals on the rate of the oxidation of H₂S in seawater