Effect of metal chelates on the ignition and early flaming behaviour of intumescent fire-retarded polyethylene systems

Wang, De‐Yi; Liu, Yun; Gu, Xiaoyu; Wang, Yu‐Zhong; Stec, Anna A.; Biswas, Bhaskar; Hull, T. Richard; Price, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.12.011

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These problems have driven the search for alternative "halogenfree" fire retardants, which include metal hydroxide 7,8 and carbonate fillers 9 , phosphorus compounds 10 , low melt glasses 11 , as well as a range of more esoteric materials, such as clay and silica nanoparticles 12,13 , carbon nanotubes 14 , expandable graphite 15 and metal chelates 16,17 . In general, halogen-free fire retardants are much more polymer-specific -while one fire retardant will work well in one polymer, it may not work at all in another.…”

Section: Fire Retardants and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Hull

Witkowski

Hollingbery

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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272

137

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Endothermically decomposing mineral fillers, such as aluminium or magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, or mixed magnesium/calcium carbonates and hydroxides, such as naturally occurring mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite are in heavy demand as sustainable, environmentally benign fire retardants. They are more difficult to deploy than the halogenated flame retardants they are replacing, as their modes of action are more complex, and are not equally effective in different polymers. In addition to their presence (at levels up to 70%), reducing the flammable content of the material, they have three quantifiable fire retardant effects: heat absorption through endothermic decomposition; increased heat capacity of the polymer residue; increased heat capacity of the gas phase through the presence of water or carbon dioxide. These three contributions have been quantified for eight of the most common fire retardant mineral fillers, and the effects on standard fire tests such as the LOI, UL 94 and cone calorimeter discussed. By quantifying these estimable contributions, more subtle effects, which they might otherwise mask, may be identified.

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Section: Fire Retardants and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Hull

Witkowski

Hollingbery

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Self Cite

272

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As a result, the exploration of TSP and SPR for cotton and cotton/alginate fabrics might be beneficial in indicating the possible hazard in well-ventilated conditions [33]. TSP and SPR curves of cotton and cotton/alginate fabric are showed in Fig.…”

Section: Flammability Versus Cone Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of cotton/alginate fabric

Liu

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Alginate fiber, a kind of bio-based fiber, is a type of inherently flame retardant material. Can the addition of alginate fiber to cotton fiber improve flame retardancy of prepared cotton/alginate fabric? To solve this question, in the present work, flammability and thermal degradation properties of the cotton and cotton/alginate fabrics were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), cone calorimeter (cone) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis. Compared to cotton fabric, TG results showed that the addition of alginate fiber decreased initial degradation temperature (T initial ) and maximum-rate degradation temperatures (T max ) of cotton/alginate fabric; however, the addition of alginate fiber improved the char residual amount at higher temperature. MCC and cone results indicated that the addition of alginate fiber reduced the peak heat release rate value and total heat release, showing improvement on flame retardant properties of cotton/alginate fabric. The release amounts of inflammable gases, such as H 2 O, for cotton/alginate fabric, were almost the same as cotton fabric in the thermal degradation process; however, compared to cotton fabric, the release amounts of flammable gases, such as compounds containing -C-H groups, alcohol, compounds containing carbonyl groups and ethers, were reduced. On the basis of the results mentioned above, the flame retardant properties of cotton/alginate fabric were enhanced. The results obtained in the present study can supply a flame retardant method by the addition of inherently bio-based flame retardant alginate fiber to flame-retard cotton fabric and enlarge the applied fields of alginate fiber.

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“…It was obvious that the intumescent char from PP/EADP30 was very compact and may have acted as an insulating barrier to prevent the heat transfer between the flame zone and the underlying substrate and to protect the substrate from heat and fire. 29 …”

Section: Article Wileyonlinelibrarycom/appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive, intumescent, halogen‐free flame retardant for polypropylene

Wang

Cao

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A reactive, intumescent, halogen-free flame retardant, 2-({9- [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-3,9-dioxido-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-yl}oxy)ethyl methacrylate (EADP), was synthesized through a simple three-step reaction from phosphorus oxychloride, pentaerythritol, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and melamine. EADP exhibited excellent thermal stability and char-forming ability, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TGA results show that the temperature at 5% weight loss was 297.8 C and the char yield at 700 C was 51.75%. SEM observation revealed that the char showed a continuous and compact surface and a cellular inner structure with different sizes. Composite of polypropylene (PP) with a 25 wt % addition of EADP (PP/EADP25) passed the UL-94 V-0 rating and showed a limiting oxygen index value of 31.5. Compared with those of neat PP, the flexural strength and modulus values of PP/EADP25 were somewhat improved, the tensile strength was basically unchanged, and the notched Izod impact strength was slightly decreased. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl.Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40054.

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Effect of metal chelates on the ignition and early flaming behaviour of intumescent fire-retarded polyethylene systems

Cited by 88 publications

References 17 publications

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of cotton/alginate fabric

Reactive, intumescent, halogen‐free flame retardant for polypropylene

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