Effect of mercerization on the crystallite size and crystallinity index in cellulose from different sources

Revol, J.‐F.; Dietrich, Andreas; Goring, D. A. I.

doi:10.1139/v87-288

Cited by 126 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Native cellulose on mercerization and subsequent washing, cellulose I (parallel form) will be converted into a more thermally stable form of antiparallel cellulose II. 23 A similar phenomenon was observed in our investigation, which is confirmed through FTIR studies and XRD studies. This conversion mechanism occurring during alkali treatments may be the reason for higher thermal stability shown by the treated cellulose.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancement of thermal stability associated with the chemical treatment of bacterial (Gluconacetobacter xylinus) cellulose

George

Sajeevkumar

Kumar

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus was treated with sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove entrapped noncellulosic materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect of alkali on the chemical structure of bacterial cellulose. The changes in the crystalline nature of these membranes were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The morphology and the removal of noncellulosic impurities followed by alkali treatment were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The enhanced thermal stability of bacterial cellulose was evident from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, the alkali treatments resulted in relatively pure form of cellulose, which finds application in various spheres.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancement of thermal stability associated with the chemical treatment of bacterial (Gluconacetobacter xylinus) cellulose

George

Sajeevkumar

Kumar

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Measurement of the height of the isolated nanofibrils gave more reliable values, of the order of 3 nm. This is the same as the crystallite size of celery cellulose, measured perpendicular to the (020) plane by X-ray diffraction (Revol et al 1987). It must be stressed that whatever the orientation of the cellulose nanofibrils at the surface, the cellulose is oriented predominantly along the strand, as indicated by the birefringence observed by polarized light microscopy.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Isolation and handedness of helical coiled cellulosic thickenings from plant petiole tracheary elements

Gray

2014

Cellulose

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Leaf stalks (petioles) are critical components of the vascular system that conducts water from the roots to the photosynthetic apparatus of most green plants. Helical coiled cellulosic microfibrils that reinforce the tracheary elements in plant leaf petioles were isolated by a gentle treatment with alkali and acid chlorite from celery and from a number of tree species, including sugar maple, London plane, horse chestnut, tulip tree, paulownia and ginko. Analysis of the hydrolysate of celery coils gave glucose as the main product, but significant quantities of xylose and other sugars were also detected. Polarized light microscopy was used to determine the location, dimensions and handedness of the coils. The coils were made up of single or multiple parallel strands in contact, ranging up to 35 lm in diameter and several cm in length. The strand structure was chiral; significantly, only lefthanded helices were observed. An attempt is made to rationalize the left-handed structure by comparison with the spontaneous handedness observed in vitro for cellulose nanocrystals suspensions. The ubiquitous presence of coiled thickenings in petiole vascular elements indicates their importance in plant functions.

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“…The values obtained were 58.5%, 57.8%, and 58.5% for, respectively, E. elatior, C. comosus and H. bihai fibers. These values are similar to values reported for several other lignocellulosic fibers [15]. Figure 5 shows the thermogravimetric behavior observed for the H. bihai fiber, and it is also representative of the behavior of the other two fibers.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Microstructural Characterization of Natural Fibers: Etlingera elatior, Costus comosus, and Heliconia bihai

Navarro

Paciornik

d’Almeida

2013

Conference Papers in Materials Science

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This work describes the structural and morphological characteristics of fibers obtained from the stem of three ornamental plants, namely, Etlingera elatior, Costus comosus, and Heliconia bihai. The stems of these plants are long and nowadays do not have any use, being disregarded. The results obtained showed that the three fibers have a crystalline index of around 58% and are thermally stable to approximately 230 ∘ C, 240 ∘ C, and 255 ∘ C for E. elatior, C. comosus, and H. bihai, respectively. The fibers present an average humidity amount of less than 9% and the thermal degradation peak for the cellulose component varies from 358 ∘ C for E. elatior to 379∘ C for C. comosus. The morphological analysis showed that the fibers present a large variability of the shape of their crosssections, which are preferentially elongated. These morphological characteristics were used to estimate the error made when one considers the fibers having a circular cross-section.

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Effect of mercerization on the crystallite size and crystallinity index in cellulose from different sources

Cited by 126 publications

References 7 publications

Enhancement of thermal stability associated with the chemical treatment of bacterial (Gluconacetobacter xylinus) cellulose

Enhancement of thermal stability associated with the chemical treatment of bacterial (Gluconacetobacter xylinus) cellulose

Isolation and handedness of helical coiled cellulosic thickenings from plant petiole tracheary elements

Microstructural Characterization of Natural Fibers: Etlingera elatior, Costus comosus, and Heliconia bihai

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