Effect of mental stress on cardiovascular function at rest and after ingestion of fructose or sucralose in healthy, white European males

Memon, Muhammad Qasim; Macdonald, I. A.; Bennett, T.

doi:10.3906/sag-1208-98

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…At the start of the first study session, subjects were informed that they would be undertaking a short 2 min MA test (Memon et al . ), during which they would receive real‐time verbal feedback regarding their performance. Subjects were unaware, however, that those answering more than two successive questions correctly would be told that their next answer was incorrect regardless of the answer given.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue activation as measured by infrared thermography by mild anticipatory psychological stress in lean healthy females

Robinson

Law

Symonds

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Does psychological stress, which is known to promote cortisol secretion, simultaneously activate brown adipose tissue function in healthy adult females? r What is the main finding and its importance?One explanation for the pronounced differences in brown adipose tissue function between individuals lies in their responsiveness to psychological stress and, as such, should be taken into account when examining its in vivo stimulation.Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and is a potential therapeutic target. Brown adipose tissue can have a significant impact on energy balance and glucose homeostasis through the action of uncoupling protein 1, dissipating chemical energy as heat following neuroendocrine stimulation. We hypothesized that psychological stress, which is known to promote cortisol secretion, would simultaneously activate BAT at thermoneutrality. Brown adipose tissue activity was measured using infrared thermography to determine changes in the temperature of the skin overlying supraclavicular BAT (T SCR ). A mild psychological stress was induced in five healthy, lean, female, Caucasian volunteers using a short mental arithmetic (MA) test. The T SCR was compared with a repeated assessment, in which the MA test was replaced with a period of relaxation. Although MA did not elicit an acute stress response, anticipation of MA testing led to an increase in salivary cortisol, indicative of an anticipatory stress response, that was associated with a trend towards higher absolute and relative T SCR . A positive correlation between T SCR and cortisol was found during the anticipatory phase, a relationship that was enhanced by increased cortisol linked to MA. Our findings suggest that subtle changes in the level of psychological stress can stimulate BAT, findings that may account for the high variability and inconsistency in reported BAT prevalence and activity measured by other modalities. Consistent assessment of this uniquely metabolic tissue is fundamental to the discovery of potential therapeutic strategies against metabolic disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue activation as measured by infrared thermography by mild anticipatory psychological stress in lean healthy females

Robinson

Law

Symonds

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This takes place due to stress induced activation of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) resulting in increased heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), creating extra myocardial oxygen consumption and demand. 10 This can also lead to a decreased ability to concentrate, a loss of attention and focus, and increased anxiety and tension 11 . Cognitive function refers to an individual's capability to process thoughts.…”

Section: Determination Of Mental Stress Effects On the Cognitive Funcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Of Mental Stress Effects On The Cognitive Function In Medical Students Of Lumhs At The Time Of Examination

2018

J LIAQUAT UNI MED HEALTH SCI

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BACKGROUND: Cognition function refers to memory, the ability to learn new information, language, and reading conception. Mental stress may disrupt cognitive function. The medical students are exposed frequently to emotional disturbance and stress and these may adversely affect the cognition. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the extent of impairment of cognitive function due to mental stress during examination of medical students by implicates the application of Stroop test. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional comparative study SETTING: The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology LUMHS Jamshoro over 6 months duration from August 2015 to February 2016. METHODOLOGY: The volunteer information brochures / leaflets were posted on the main notice board of the LUMHS campus. Total 150 participants (n=100 having their examination within a week, n=50 not preparing for examination) were selected by simple random sampling technique. All four test of Stroop test were performed (Power lab T-125 AD-instrument Australia) and time taken by participants were noted and compared between both groups. RESULTS: Breathing rate, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between two groups. The differences in the results of all four test for Stroop effect; Monochrome reading, color naming, reading color words and color naming were highly significant between those having their examination ahead (group A) within one week and those having no examination ahead (group B). Congruent Stroop test -exercise 1 and 2 showed significant differences for time domain per single word in group A and B respectively. Incongruent Stroop test showed time per single word of 2.3000 vs. 1.7500 seconds in exercise 3 (t-value 23.13, p-value 0.0001). Time taken per single word was noted as 2.1000 vs. 1.6100 seconds in exercise 3 (t-value 16.56, p-value 0.0001). CONCLUSION: As the results showed increased reaction time and interferences for Stroop effect among medical students under examination stress, it may be concluded that the mental stress adversely affects the cognitive functions.

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Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape

Lohner

Toews

Meerpohl

2017

Nutr J

133

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BackgroundFood products containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar have become increasingly popular in the last decades. Their appeal is obviously related to their calorie-free sweet taste. However, with the dramatic increase in their consumption, it is reasonable and timely to evaluate their potential health benefits and, more importantly, potential adverse effects. The main aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence about health outcomes possibly associated with regular NNS consumption by examining the extent, range, and nature of research activity in this area.MethodsWe systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies on NNSs (artificial sweeteners or natural, non-caloric sweeteners, either used individually or in combination) using text terms with appropriate truncation and relevant indexing terms. All human studies investigating any health outcomes of a NNS intervention or exposure were eligible for inclusion. No studies were excluded based on language, study design or methodological quality. Data for each health outcome were summarized in tabular form and were discussed narratively.ResultsFinally, we included 372 studies in our scoping review, comprising 15 systematic reviews, 155 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 57 cohort studies, 52 case-control studies, 28 cross sectional studies and 42 case series/case reports.In healthy subjects, appetite and short term food intake, risk of cancer, risk of diabetes, risk of dental caries, weight gain and risk of obesity are the most investigated health outcomes. Overall there is no conclusive evidence for beneficial and harmful effects on those outcomes. Numerous health outcomes including headaches, depression, behavioral and cognitive effects, neurological effects, risk of preterm delivery, cardiovascular effects or risk of chronic kidney disease were investigated in fewer studies and further research is needed. In subjects with diabetes and hypertension, the evidence regarding health outcomes of NNS use is also inconsistent.ConclusionsThis scoping review identifies the needs for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps related to health effects of NNSs use.It also specifies the research questions and areas where a systematic review with meta-analyses is required for the proper evaluation of health outcomes associated to regular NNSs consumption.

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Effect of mental stress on cardiovascular function at rest and after ingestion of fructose or sucralose in healthy, white European males

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Brown adipose tissue activation as measured by infrared thermography by mild anticipatory psychological stress in lean healthy females

Brown adipose tissue activation as measured by infrared thermography by mild anticipatory psychological stress in lean healthy females

Determination Of Mental Stress Effects On The Cognitive Function In Medical Students Of Lumhs At The Time Of Examination

Health outcomes of non-nutritive sweeteners: analysis of the research landscape

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