Effect of Melaleuca Alternifolia and Its Components on Candida Albicans and Candida Tropicalis

Abstract

Abstract:The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia is an herbal antifungal action and preventive scale pharmaceutical or cosmetic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil-TTO) and its component (Terpinen-4-ol) on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in planktonic and biofilm form of dual species. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) were determined of single species. Biofilms were quantified in CFU (colony forming unit per mL) and XTT {2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide} cell viability assay in single and multiple species. MIC was TTO (0.25%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.11%) for both species. The MFC for Candida albicans showed TTO (0.25%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.11%) were capable of inhibiting the growth and for Candida tropicalis was 0.50% and 0.24%, respectively. The results on biofilm for Candida albicans in single species and multiple species showed TTO (0.5%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.24%) were effective. For Candida tropicalis in single species, treatments with TTO (0.5%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.47%) were effective. For multiple species, the treatments with TTO (0.5%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.24%) were also effective. In the XTT test, for Candida albicans in single species: TTO (0.25%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.24%). For Candida tropicalis, the results were TTO (0.5%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.11%), while for multiple species were TTO (0.25%) and Terpinen-4-ol (0.11%). Based on these factors, Candida spp. are susceptible to the antimicrobial agents TTO and Terpinen-4-ol, suggesting that these compounds might be beneficial as therapeutic.

Unveiling the Antifungal Potential of Two Iberian Thyme Essential Oils: Effect on C. albicans Germ Tube and Preformed Biofilms

“…Moreover, several other compounds showed an inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation, namely camphor, camphene, and borneol (Manoharan et al, 2017) as well as α-pinene (Silva et al, 2012). Furthermore, linalool, a minor compound found in both oils, was able to disrupt preformed C. albicans biofilms (Hsu et al, 2013; Raut et al, 2013) and terpinen-4-ol was able to disrupt preformed single and dual-species Candida biofilms in a dose-dependent manner (Francisconi et al, 2015).…”

Antibiofilm efficacy of tea tree oil and of its main component terpinen-4-ol against Candida albicans

“…TTO and its components are the most commonly used essential oil because of their antibacterial and antifungal properties. 8,12,20 In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of TTO and its main bioactive component -terpinen-4-ol -against C. albicans clinical strains (genotypes A and B), and ATCC 90028 and SC 5314 C. albicans reference strains in planktonic and biofilm cultures.…”

“…The following stock solutions of TTO were prepared: TTO 2.24 mg/mL -17.92 mg/mL and terpinen-4-ol 1.02 mg/mL -8.86 mg/mL (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were diluted in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI 1640) culture medium (Sigma-Aldrich) at pH 7.0 with 0.165 M of 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and 0.4% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solubilizing agent. 8 The standard powder used to prepare nystatin was dissolved in DMSO. The nystatin stock solution (500 µg/mL) was kept at -70°C until use.…”

“…Biofilm was allowed to grow in microtiter plates. 8 The biofilms were treated with a range of different concentrations of TTO, terpinen-4-ol, and RPMI 1640 containing 0.4% DMSO (control group). C. albicans biofilms were prepared by adding 100 µL of the isolated suspension containing 1×10 5 CFU mL -1 into the wells, which were kept at 37°C for 1.5 h. Thereafter, the cell suspension was replaced with 100 µL of RPMI 1640 medium and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in a shaker at 75 rpm.…”

“…Terpinen-4-ol is the main active compound within TTO and has gained attention because of its antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. 8 Terpinen-4-ol is known to induce membrane loss, disrupting the integrity and physiology of microbial cells. Low concentrations of terpinen-4-ol are not toxic to fibroblasts and epithelial cells, allowing for topical use with reduced adverse effects.…”