Effect of mechanical extrusion force on thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries caused by flat heating

Bai, Jinlong; Wang, Zhirong; Gao, Tianfeng; Bai, Wei; Wang, Junling

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230305

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Failure: HA and TR Except for the most severe collision accidents that directly results in large-scale short circuit between the electrodes, [63,64] various abuse tests demonstrate that there are two stages in thermal failure: a mild heat accumulation (HA) stage before the intense TR stage, [20,[65][66][67] as shown in Figure 2a. The two stages can be separated by the three characteristic temperatures, i.e., the onset temperature of battery self-heating (T1), the triggering temperature of the intense TR (T2), and the maximum temperature during TR (T3).…”

Section: The Two-stage Development Of the Battery Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate the Catastrophic Thermal Runaway of High‐Energy Batteries

Wang

Feng

Huang

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) that promise both safety and high energy density are critical for a new‐energy future. However, recent studies on battery thermal runaway (TR) suggest that the higher the energy is compressed in a battery, the thermal accidents with fires and explosions can occur in a more catastrophic way. This “trade‐off” between energy density and safety poses challenging obstacles toward the future applications of the developing high‐energy chemistries. Herein, the thermal studies on the most appealing high‐energy (HE)‐LIB chemistries are carefully reviewed. The TR characters of the HE‐LIBs, the material thermal failure behaviors as well as the underneath reaction mechanisms, and the most advanced TR mitigation technologies are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the effectiveness of different TR mitigation routes is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the main challenges for TR mitigation in HE chemistries are further explained. Finally, opinions on the future TR mechanism studies and the promising safety design routes to overcome this intrinsic “trade‐off” between high energy and safety are presented.

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Section: The Two-stage Development Of the Battery Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate the Catastrophic Thermal Runaway of High‐Energy Batteries

Wang

Feng

Huang

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Abuse conditions, as shown in Figure 1, and latent defects within LIBs could raise the temperature and initiate the decomposition of SEI, by which T1 (about 77-107 °C) is determined. [25,27,[55][56][57][58] Then, heat accumulation (HA) will occur within the cell and initiate other side reactions, inducing gradual temperature rise until T 2 . Typically, the SEI decomposition and regeneration as well as anode-electrolyte reactions drive the temperature from T 1 to T 2 .…”

Section: Thermal Runaway Mechanism Of Libs With Silicon-based Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is vital to have an in‐depth knowledge of the formation mechanism of the characteristic temperatures so that the evolution of the full TR process can be well understood. Abuse conditions, as shown in Figure 1, and latent defects within LIBs could raise the temperature and initiate the decomposition of SEI, by which T 1 (about 77–107 °C) is determined [25,27,55–58] . Then, heat accumulation (HA) will occur within the cell and initiate other side reactions, inducing gradual temperature rise until T 2 .…”

Section: Thermal Runaway Mechanism Of Libs With Silicon‐based Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Silicon‐Based Anodes Enabled by Electrolyte Design

Hu,

Sang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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High‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high safety have long been pursued for extending the cruise range of electric vehicles. Owing to the high gravimetric capacity, silicon is a promising alternative to the convention graphite anode for high‐energy LIBs. However, it suffers from intrinsic poor interfacial stability with liquid electrolytes, inevitably increasing the risk of thermal runaway and posing serious safety challenges. In this review, we will focus on mitigating thermal runaway of silicon anodes‐based LIBs from the perspective of electrolyte design. First, the thermal runaway mechanism of LIBs is briefly introduced, while the specific thermal failure reactions associated with silicon anodes and electrolytes are discussed in detail. We then summarize the safety countermeasures (e.g., thermally stable solid electrolyte interphase, nonflammable electrolytes, highly stable lithium salts, mitigating electrode crosstalk, and solid‐state electrolytes) enabled by customized electrolyte design to address these triggers of thermal runaway. Finally, the remaining unanswered questions regarding the thermal runaway mechanism are presented, and future directions to achieve intrinsically safe electrolytes for silicon‐based anodes are prospected. This review is expected to provide insightful knowledge for improving the safety of LIBs with silicon‐based anodes.

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“…TR, a complex chemical/electrochemical process involving high heat generation, fast temperature rise, and significant amounts of generated gas, is caused by complex abuse conditions, including mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, and thermal abuse. − The battery pack of new EVs is frequently employed as a chassis and will be subjected to various mechanical impacts while the new EV is running; therefore, mechanical abuse, such as crushing the battery pack or the penetration of foreign objects into LBs, is frequently blamed for TR accidents. The mechanical abuse can result in an internal short circuit, which can further lead to electrical abuse, and electrical abuse would result in internal intense joule heat release, initiating thermal abuse. , In addition to the inner heat generation brought by mechanical damage, exterior thermal abuse, such as extreme environment, is another dangerous scenario for LBs, which could initiate the series of exothermic reactions inside the battery and eventually lead to TR …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical abuse can result in an internal short circuit, which can further lead to electrical abuse, and electrical abuse would result in internal intense joule heat release, initiating thermal abuse. 10,11 In addition to the inner heat generation brought by mechanical damage, exterior thermal abuse, such as extreme environment, is another dangerous scenario for LBs, which could initiate the series of exothermic reactions inside the battery and eventually lead to TR. 12 Various external and internal protection strategies have been proposed to overcome the safety risks of the LBs and prevent the occurrence of TR ranging from one cell to a battery pack and even to system levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Quasi-solid Electrolyte with Smart Thermoresistance and Damage Repairability to Realize Safer Lithium Metal Batteries

Zhou

Meng

Shen

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Thermal runaway, a complex chemical/electrochemical heat breakout process caused by complex abuse conditions, remains a big issue to significantly hinder further practical application of lithium batteries. Here we design and fabricate a smart thermoregulatory and self-healing gel electrolyte (TRSHGE) by cross-linking phase-transition chains to polymer networks through reversibly dynamic interactions while maintaining the desirable electrochemical performance. Impressively, on the one hand, the phase-transition chains with endothermic effects can efficiently accommodate the heat accumulation, enabling lithium batteries to work safely and normally even up to 80 °C. On the other hand, the dynamic covalent boronic eater bonds and hydrogen bonds endow the TRSHGE damage repairability upon mechanical shock even at the nail penetration test. Such smart electrolyte with thermoresistance and damage repairability indicates significant technological advancement toward the safe commercial application of lithium batteries, even great potential to develop other functional batteries beyond the lithium-based systems discussed herein.

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Effect of mechanical extrusion force on thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries caused by flat heating

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate the Catastrophic Thermal Runaway of High‐Energy Batteries

Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate the Catastrophic Thermal Runaway of High‐Energy Batteries

High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Silicon‐Based Anodes Enabled by Electrolyte Design

Empowering Quasi-solid Electrolyte with Smart Thermoresistance and Damage Repairability to Realize Safer Lithium Metal Batteries

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