Effect of mechanical activation process parameters on the properties of LiFePO4 cathode material

Kim, Jae Kwang; Cheruvally, Gouri; Choi, Jaewon; Kim, Jong-Uk; Ahn, Jou–Hyeon; Cho, Gyu-Bong; Kim, Ki-Won; Ahn, Hyo‐Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.089

Cited by 112 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Firstly, the particle size should be reduced to a nanometer size. To achieve this, there are two known methods: one is a top-down method, whereby the particles are pulverized using by a ball-mill, and the other is a bottom-up method by which nano-sized particles are synthesized using a hydrothermal method [9,10]. Secondly, heterogeneous elements are doped into the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

et al. 2008

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LiFePO 4 cathode active material was synthesized using a solid state method and a mixed cathode was prepared by adding LiCoO 2 . A coin cell was prepared using the mixed cathode and its electrochemical performances were evaluated. The LiFePO 4 material improved both in thermal stability and rate capability. The discharge capacity of the 5 wt.% LiCoO 2 -added LiFePO 4 material was 139.4 mAh/g at 0.2 C rate, and it showed a capacity retention of 64.2% even at 5 C rate in comparison to 0.2 C rate. The cycle performance of the bare LiFePO 4 material was excellent, but the capacity fading of 20 wt.% LiCoO 2 -added LiFePO 4 material became significant during charge/discharge cycle. However, 5∼10 wt.% LiCoO 2 -added LiFePO 4 material showed good thermal stability, high rate capability and good cycle performances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

et al. 2008

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“…19,[29][30][31][32] Ball milling with intimate carbon helps to prepare a homogenous mixture of precursors and reduce particle size during following thermal treatment. In addition, this combination can decrease the thermal treatment time needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Performance TiP₂O₇Based Intercalation Negative Electrode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Facile Synthetic Route

Wu¹,

Shanbhag²,

Wise³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A composite TiP 2 O 7 /amorphous carbon material (C-TiP 2 O 7 ) was prepared by an intensive mechanical mixing/solid-state synthesis method at 800 • C. Physical properties were characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, SEM, BET and TGA. Electrochemical performance was evaluated in both a three electrode test setup and two electrode coin cells via cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic cycling tests. The C-TiP 2 O 7 composite demonstrated excellent cycling performance in 1 M Li 2 SO 4 when matched with LiMn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode: when cycled at C/2 for 150 cycles, the capacity retention is over 91% with coulombic efficiencies exceeding 99%. The initial discharge capacity obtained at a C/10 rate is 91 mAh/g which is about 75% of theoretical capacity 121 mAh/g. The apparent diffusion coefficient of C-TiP 2 O 7 composite calculated from cyclic voltammetry result is 3. 3-6 However these materials typically suffer from inherently low electronic conductivity.2 Several strategies such as carbon coating, doping and conductive polymer coating have been developed to improve the electrochemical performance of polyanion-based materials for battery applications. 7-19A less explored phase, TiP 2 O 7 , is not a promising cathode candidate for lithium-ion battery due to its low redox potential of 2.6 V versus Li/Li + . 20,21 However, this redox potential makes TiP 2 O 7 an ideal anode material candidate for aqueous lithium-ion batteries, 22,23 which have been recently explored by several research groups. 21,22 TiP 2 O 7 has a 3D framework structure with a corner sharing a TiO 6 octahedra and a PO 4 tetrahedra, and a phase change reaction between TiP 2 O 7 and LiTiP 2 O 7 . [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Such an open frame structure enables rapid Li + insertion and extraction and good thermal stability. However, the low electronic conductivity remains a major hurdle for its practical applications.23,26 A carbon coating on TiP 2 O 7 can serve two purposes: (1) it improves the kinetics of electron transfer, and (2) [22,28]. However, they found that their cells had limited cycling performance due to the dissolution of TiP 2 O 7 over time.Combining high energy mechanical alloying with intimate carbon coating has proven effective in improving electrochemical performance of polyanion-based materials. 19,[29][30][31][32] Ball milling with intimate carbon helps to prepare a homogenous mixture of precursors and reduce particle size during following thermal treatment. In addition, this combination can decrease the thermal treatment time needed. In this study, we demonstrated C-TiP 2 O 7 composite prepared by high energy mechanical alloying combined with intimate carbon coating has superior cycling performance in aqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. * Electrochemical Society Active Member.z E-mail: whitacre@andrew.cmu.edu ExperimentalSynthesis of electrode materials.-The kinetically assisted synthesis process includes following steps: (1) the precursors for synthesizing C-Ti...

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“…Thereby, a decrease in the thermal treatment time and temperature is usually experienced during the following calcination to obtain a pure phase product. That is why mechanical activation has been commonly used [63,[69][70][71][72][73] to synthesize LiFePO 4 . However, in the present case, the mechanical activation of the synthesis of C-LiFePO 4 composites does not make possible a reduction or the temperature of the heating treatment nor even its duration, because these parameters are imposed by the coating with conductive carbon.…”

Section: Mechanical Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyanionic Compounds as Cathode Materials

et al. 2016

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Effect of mechanical activation process parameters on the properties of LiFePO4 cathode material

Cited by 112 publications

References 35 publications

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

High Performance TiP₂O₇Based Intercalation Negative Electrode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Facile Synthetic Route

Polyanionic Compounds as Cathode Materials

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Effect of mechanical activation process parameters on the properties of LiFePO4 cathode material

Cited by 112 publications

References 35 publications

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

Electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4/LiCoO2 mixed electrode for Li secondary battery

High Performance TiP2O7Based Intercalation Negative Electrode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Facile Synthetic Route

Polyanionic Compounds as Cathode Materials

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Product

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High Performance TiP₂O₇Based Intercalation Negative Electrode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Facile Synthetic Route