Effect of Maturity on Seed Composition in the Early Soybean Production System as Measured on Near‐Isogenic Soybean Lines

Abstract

The effect of maturity (time to maturity) on seed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes is not well understood because maturity is generally confounded with genotypic background. Therefore, the effects of maturity on seed composition were estimated in two sets of near isogenic soybean lines (‘Clark’ and ‘Harosoy’), where the maturity of each line within a set varied, but all had a common genotypic background. There was a positive linear relationship between protein concentration and maturity among isolines of the Clark set in 2004 (r2 = 0.75; P ≤ 0.001) and 2005 (r2 = 0.63; P ≤ 0.001). However, in Harosoy isolines there was no relationship between protein and maturity. There was a negative linear relationship between oil concentration and maturity for Clark (in 2004, r2 = 0.82, P ≤ 0.001; in 2005, r2 = 0.91, P ≤ 0.0001) and Harosoy (in 2004, r2 = 0.19, P ≤ 0.05; in 2005, r2 = 0.36, P ≤ 0.01). Maturity had greater effects on seed composition than maximum temperature. The results indicate that the relationship between seed composition and maturity was different between the Clark and Harosoy sets of isolines. However, the overall mean of protein and oil concentration was not different between genotypic backgrounds. This information will be useful for soybean breeding in developing new germplasm for seed composition.

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

“…For example, maximum temperature was highest at 33.2˚C, 34.3˚C, and 31.3˚C in July, August, and September respectively during critical reproductive stages in Milan 2010, and only 50 and 9 mm of rainfall were recorded in August and September (seed-fill stage period) at Milan 2010 ( Table 5). It was shown that maximum temperature had significant effects on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids, and the increase or decrease of seed oil or protein concentration dependent on the temperature range under which soybean seed mature [18]. Other researchers also found that maximum temperatures correlated better with seed composition than minimum temperatures [61,62].…”

“…The different concentrations of seed constituents among years in both locations reflected the effect of environmental factors on seed composition constituents. It was reported that seed constituents were affected by environment [16,17,40], temperature [17,18], drought [19,21,22,40], and nutrients in soil and seed [3][4][5]. It was reported that seed constituents vary in the same soybean cultivar grown in different years or under different environments in the same year [26].…”

“…However, seed composition have also shown to be affected by environment [16,17], genotype, maturity, diseases [18][19][20], temperature [17,18] and drought [19,21,22], nutrients in soil and seed [23][24][25], and planting date [26,27]. For example, it was reported that [26] seed composition varied in the same cultivar grown in different years or under different environments in the same year, and seed protein concentration increased as planting was delayed.…”

Effects of Drought and Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Seed Nutrition and 15N and 13C Natural Abundance Isotopes in Soybean Under Controlled Environments

“…Mature seeds were ground using a Laboratory Mill 3600 (Perten, Springfield, IL, USA), and the ground samples were analyzed for minerals, N, S, and C, by digesting 0.6 g of the grounddried plant materials in HNO 3 in a microwave digestion system as detailed elsewhere [29,30]. Potassium was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry [29,30].…”

Role of Boron Nutrient in Nodules Growth and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Genotypes Under Water Stress Conditions

“…Boron concentration was determined according to Azomethine-H method [19,[32][33][34]. Briefly, 1 g of dry sample was placed in a porcelain crucible for ashing at 500°C for 8 hr.…”