Effect of maternal glycemia and weight status on offspring birth measures and BMI-z among Chinese population in the first year

Huang, Yilin; Yin, Bao-Ming; Liang, Xiaohong; Hong, Ming; Lu, Huiqi; Xie, Shuixian; Bei, Weihong; Mei, Wenhua; Zhang, Jianduan

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15932-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The same effect could be behind the negative association found between estimated fetal weight in early pregnancy and the high glucose group trajectory in the present study. In other studies, a positive association between glucose levels and birth weight has been observed 28 , 29 ; however in our study no differences in birth weight were found between glucose groups. This could be explained by the absence of hyperglycemia in any participant and the exclusion of women developing gestational diabetes during follow-up.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort

Omaña-Guzmán,

Ortiz-Hernández,

Ancira-Moreno

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of maternal cardiometabolic markers trajectories (glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) with estimated fetal weight trajectories and birth weight in Mexican pregnant women without medical complications. Cardiometabolic marker trajectories were characterized using group-based trajectory models. Mixed-effect and linear regression models were estimated to assess the association of maternal trajectories with estimated fetal weight and birth weight. The final sample comprised 606 mother–child dyads. Two trajectory groups of maternal cardiometabolic risk indicators during pregnancy were identified (high and low). Fetuses from women with higher values of TG had higher weight gain during pregnancy ($$\hat{\beta }$$ β ^ = 24.00 g; 95%CI: 12.9, 35.3), were heavier at the sixth month ($$\widehat{\beta }$$ β ^ =48.24 g; 95%CI: 7.2, 89.7) and had higher birth weight ($$\widehat{\beta }$$ β ^ = 89.08 g; 95%CI: 20.8, 157.4) than fetuses in the low values trajectory. Fetuses from mothers with high SBP and DBP had less weight in the sixth month of pregnancy ($$\widehat{\beta }$$ β ^ = − 42.4 g; 95%CI: − 82.7, − 2.1 and $$\widehat{\beta }$$ β ^ = − 50.35 g; 95%CI: − 94.2, − 6.4), and a higher DBP trajectory was associated with lower birth weight ($$\widehat{\beta }$$ β ^ = − 101.48 g; 95%CI: − 176.5, − 26.4). In conclusion, a longitudinal exposition to high values of TG and BP was associated with potentially adverse effects on fetal growth. These findings support the potential modulation of children’s phenotype by maternal cardiometabolic conditions in pregnancies without medical complications.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort

Omaña-Guzmán,

Ortiz-Hernández,

Ancira-Moreno

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Another cohort study continuously measured maternal glucose levels and found that a 1-unit increase in maternal mean nighttime glycemia was associated with a 6.0 (95%CI: 0.4, 11.5) percentage-point increase in birth weight percentile [23]. Meanwhile, a prospective study conducted in Guangdong found that for every 1 mmol/L increase in FPG, the risk of LGA and macrosomia increased by 2.01 (95%CI: 1.54, 5.88) and 2.74 (95%CI: 1.85, 7.60), respectively [24]. A regression discontinuity analysis in England [25] found for each 1 mmol/L increase in FPG that the observed increase in birth weight Z score increased by 0.48 (95%CI: 0.39, 0.57) and the odds ratio of LGA increased by 2.61 times (95%CI: 1.86, 3.66).…”

Section: Adjustedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study

Zhao

Liu

Shi

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and neonatal birth outcomes in Northwest China. Methods: This population-based cohort study included 10,010 first-trimester pregnant women who joined the birth cohort of the Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from July 2018 to July 2020. Basic demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior patterns were collected. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results during the second trimester and pregnancy outcomes after childbirth were also collected. A generalized linear model was constructed to analyze the effects of blood glucose levels on neonatal birth outcomes. Results: We found that every 1 mmol/L increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was associated with an increase in birth weight (β = 100.22 g, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 81.91, 118.52), birth weight Z score (β = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.27) and birth weight Z centile (β = 6.72%, 95%CI: 5.51, 7.94). Moreover, the risk of macrosomia, premature birth and being born large for gestational age (LGA) increased by 2.01 (95%CI: 1.67, 2.43), 1.35 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.66) and 1.80 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.07) times, respectively. Additionally, for every 1 mmol/L increase in FPG associated with a decrease in gestational age (β = −0.12 weeks, 95%CI: −0.19, −0.06), the risk of SGA decreased by 0.70 (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.89) times. Every 1 mmol/L increase in 1/2-h PG had similar outcomes as FPG, besides premature birth and SGA. Conclusions: Higher blood glucose in pregnant women may increase neonatal birth weight, decrease gestational age and lead to a higher risk of macrosomia, premature birth and LGA. Mothers should actively prevent and control hyperglycemia to promote maternal and infant health.

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“…Data from various disparate populations also suggests that the combination of these two independent risk factors, maternal hyperglycaemia and maternal obesity, has additive effects on the risk of childhood adiposity and childhood BMI [ 29 – 31 ].…”

Section: Evidence From Human Cohorts For the Influence Of The Intraut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions

2023

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Purpose of Review Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity. Findings Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Summary Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.

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Effect of maternal glycemia and weight status on offspring birth measures and BMI-z among Chinese population in the first year

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort

Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort

Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study

The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions

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