Molecular dynamics simulations are applied to study the
formation
and distribution of hydrates in kaolinite slit pores with methane
gas bubbles adsorbed on one of the pore surfaces. The results show
that hydrates nucleate in the bulk of solution in pores and then grow
into hydrate shells around methane gas bubbles. These hydrate shells
can hinder the diffusion of methane molecules. As the result, the
formed hydrates cement and distribute near the kaolinite surfaces,
on which methane gas bubbles have been adsorbed before hydrate formation.
Because of the adsorption of dissolved methane molecules on siloxane
surfaces, methane gas bubbles are highly dynamic, with more methane
molecules exchanging between bubbles and solution. Therefore, the
dissolution of methane molecules is promoted, which is beneficial
for hydrate formation. However, in siloxane–siloxane pores,
the strong adsorption effect of siloxane surface leads to the generation
of layer-like bubbles, inhibiting hydrate formation by providing a
relatively low methane concentration in solution. Methane gas bubbles
can be directly adsorbed on siloxane surfaces, while water molecules
exist between methane gas bubbles and gibbsite surfaces. Six-water
rings can be induced by methane gas bubbles on gibbsite surfaces,
which may promote hydrate formation by providing partial structures
of hydrate cages. The formation behaviors and distribution characteristics
of hydrates in kaolinite pores with methane gas bubbles are different
from those in kaolinite pores with homogeneous methane solution. The
results obtained can help to understand the different formation behaviors
and distribution characteristics of hydrates in sediments.