“…Özer et al (2012) investigated the changes in microbiological, physicochemical, and sensorial quality of vacuum-packed sausage from thornback ray and they reported that moisture, protein, fat, and ash content of thornback ray at the beginning and after the smoking process was 75.08-66.34%, 21.57-22.35%, 0.43%-2.40% and 1.47-3.73%, respectively. Colakoglu et al (2011) stated that the moisture, protein, fat, and ash values of thornback rays were 76.51%, 18.58%, 3.39%, and 1.1% in fresh and 61.36%, 30.62%, 4.41%, and 2.65% in smoked products, respectively. reported that the moisture, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fat values of thornback rays were 77.47%, 20.02%, 1.38%, and 0.51%, respectively.…”