Effect of manure and biochar on the aluminum, copper, and iron bioaccumulation by Salicornia species in soil

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of two species of Salicornia persica and Salicornia perspolitana to extract heavy metals, including aluminum, iron, and copper. In this study, manure and biochar were applied to improve performance. The two species of S. persica and S. perspolitana were grown outdoor in experimental pots. The effect of experimental treatments including manure and biochar on the two species was investigated. The results showed that biochar signi cantly in uenced (P < 0.05) the accumulation of heavy metals in both S. persica and S. perspolitana. In biochar treatment, the values of heavy metals in roots and shoots were found to be 3327 mg/kg, 109.17 mg/kg for aluminum, 3527 mg/kg and 142.17 mg/kg for iron, and 73.93 mg/kg and 11.90 mg/kg for copper, respectively. In the manure treatment, the values of heavy metals in the roots and shoots were reported as 3993 mg/kg and 119.29 mg/kg for aluminum, 5542 mg/kg and 179.17 mg/kg for iron, and 78.67 mg/kg and 12.74 mg/kg for copper, respectively. In general, our ndings showed that using biochar and manure in the soil allowed heavy metals to be stabilized, which reduced heavy metal accumulation in both S. persica and S. perspolitana. Heavy metal accumulation was higher in S. perspolitana than in S. persica.