Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the microbiota and productivity parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp under intensive cultivation in Ecuador

Abstract

The white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently emerged early mortality syndrome. Many bacterial pathogens have been identified but the L. vannamei microbiota is still poorly known. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, this work evaluated the impact of the inclusion in the diet of mannan oligosaccharide, (MOS, 0.5% w/w), over the L. vannamei microbiota and production behavior of L. vannamei under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. The MOS supplementation lasted for 60 days, after which the shrimp in the ponds were harvested, and the production data were collected. MOS improved productivity outcomes by increasing shrimp survival by 30%. NGS revealed quantitative differences in the shrimp microbiota between MOS and control conditions. In the treatment with inclusion of dietary MOS, the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (28%); while the control group was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (30%). MOS has also been linked to an increased prevalence of Lactococcus-and Verrucomicrobiaceae-like bacteria. Furthermore, under the treatment of MOS, the prevalence of potential opportunistic pathogens, like Vibrio, Aeromonas, Bergeyella and Shewanella, was negligible. This may be attributable to MOS blocking the adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces of the host tissues. Together, these findings point to the fact that the performance (survival) improvements of the dietary MOS may be linked to the impact on the microbiota, since bacterial lines with pathogenic potential towards shrimps were excluded in the gut.

Growth performance, non‐specific immunity and Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , in response to various microbial‐derived additives

“…Microbial diseases have caused substantial economic losses and become a major threat to shrimp aquaculture. Antibiotic therapy, the traditional disease control strategy, has been facing increasing opposition over the emergence of bacterial resistance, concerns about environmental impacts, and the potential risk to human health (Defoirdt et al, 2009; Gainza & Romero, 2020; Marshall & Levy, 2011). Moreover, excessive antibiotic usage can negatively affect shrimp growth and overall condition (Bray et al, 2006), as the broad‐spectrum antibiotics can impair the normal bacterial communities in water or shrimp intestines.…”

Healthy microbiome: a key to successful and sustainable shrimp aquaculture

“…Gut microbiome modulated through diet can improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract that can either be accomplished through oral administration of prebiotic compounds or the dietary supplementation using amino acids, minerals, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and b-glucan (Zhou et al 2020). Prebiotics including inulin, b-glucan, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were studied for stimulating growth , feed utilization, and imparting a positive influence on gut morphology, microbiome, immune system and disease resistance in shrimp (Partida-Arangure et al 2013;Daniels & Hoseinifar 2014;Li et al 2007;Li et al 2009;Li et al 2019b;Wang et al 2010;Zhou et al 2007;Gainza & Romero 2020;Zhou et al 2020). An increase in the expression of the immune-related gene (TLR1, 2, 3), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), crustin, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and prophenoloxidase was observed in L. vannamei fed with dietary inulin, indicating the improved immunity in host (Li et al 2018b).…”

“…A recent research revealed that the dietary administration of poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) stimulates the immune parameters, digestive enzymes, and provides protection to L. vannamei against Vibrio attack (Kiran et al 2019). Another study was conducted with MOS addition as prebiotic that can promote the growth of Verrucomicrobiaceae and Actinobacteria, which promotes the recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier functionality and produce secondary metabolites like antimicrobial factors and growth promoters in L. vannamei (Gainza & Romero 2020). Galactooligosaccharide, improved stress and immune responses in an experiment, carried out in L. vannamei (Mustafa et al 2019).…”

“…2019). Another study was conducted with MOS addition as prebiotic that can promote the growth of Verrucomicrobiaceae and Actinobacteria, which promotes the recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier functionality and produce secondary metabolites like antimicrobial factors and growth promoters in L. vannamei (Gainza & Romero 2020). Galactooligosaccharide, improved stress and immune responses in an experiment, carried out in L. vannamei (Mustafa et al .…”

Molecular effects of mannanase-hydrolyzed coprameal to intestinal immunity in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…In crustaceans, applications of MOS as feed additives has been reported to significantly improve the survival rate of crayfish (Cherax tenuimanus) (Sang et al 2010), and enhance growth rates in tropic spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) (Do Huu & Jones 2014) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (Sang et al 2014; Sang & Fotedar 2010)and freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) (Mazlum et al 2011 ). The dietary MOS from yeast can significantly increase intestinal microvilli length, growth and percent survival rates in the Pacific white shrimp (Gainza & Romero 2020; Zhang et al 2012)…”