Effect of manganese and vanadium valences on microstructures and reliability of BaTiO₃-based multi-layer ceramic capacitors

Abstract

The valences of manganese and vanadium oxides in multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), sintered under a reducing atmosphere, were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance; insulation resistance degradation was analyzed using impedance spectroscopy in highly accelerated lifetime tests to clarify the influences of manganese and vanadium on both the electrical properties and microstructure of MLCCs. The Mn(2+) was stable in the reducing-atmospheresintered MLCCs and formed a grain boundary. Vanadium mitigated insulation resistance degradation and increased the reliability of the MLCCs. Although V4+ was detected in MLCCs that had 0.20 mol% and 0.30 mol% of added vanadium, the electrical properties were dependent upon other ions, e.g., V(3+) or V(5+). All vanadium ions except for V(4+) decreased the insulation resistance of ceramic/electrode interface. This is because vanadium reduces electric field concentration at the ceramic/ electrode interface and delays the onset of oxygen vacancy migration in the early stages of a highly accelerated lifetime test.

Effect of Ho‐Dy co‐doping on the electrical properties and reliability of BaTiO3‐based nanoceramics for Base Metal Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor

“…The complex impedance is measured to study the electrical conduction mechanism in ceramic samples and to investigate the relationship between electrical properties and microstructure. 39 The measurement is conducted at several temperature points from 480 • C to 560 • C with 20 • C intervals and a frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz. As shown in Figure 8, the Cole−Cole plots for different samples at 560 • C are drawn in colored scattered lines.…”

Sorption of vanadium (V) on three typical agricultural soil of the Loess Plateau, China

“…Sorption isotherm experiments of vanadium (V) on yellow cinnamon soil, manual loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil were performed using a range of concentrations of NH 4 [19,20]. When the sorption reached the equilibration stage, the centrifuge tubes were centrifuged at 4000 r min −1 for about 10 min.…”

“…Vanadium predominantly exists in the divalent (V(II)) and pentavalent (V(Ⅴ)) forms. The V(II) and V(III) in the air are less common because of its susceptibility to oxidation [4]. V(Ⅴ) mainly exists in the form of VO 3 − and can combine with other biological substances to form a complex that is easily absorbed by plants [5].…”

X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of molybdenum added to BaTiO3-based ceramics used for multilayer ceramic capacitors

“…As a result, the reliability of MLCCs is largely affected by the concentration of residual oxide ionic vacancies in BTO. Many researchers have added rare earth, alkaline earth, and transition metal elements to BTO in order to achieve a certain high reliability of MLCCs and to meet standard specifications with regard to operating temperatures, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] such as the X7R characteristic mentioned in the Electronic Industries Alliance standard. In particular, it was observed that control of the concentration of oxide ionic vacancies as well as that of their migration is important for ensuring good reliability of MLCCs.…”