Effect of Malnutrition in Early Life on Avoidance Conditioning and Behavior of Adult Rats

Franková, S; Barnes, Richard H.

doi:10.1093/jn/96.4.485

Cited by 100 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The excitability level, which rose in these rats in the course of avoidance conditioning, reached in some animals a critical level at which the stereotype reac tions appeared. We observed symptoms of such a pathologically in creased excitabdity level especially in rats, seriously damaged by early m alnutrition, and at a lower age [9]. In the present experim ental design the tendency of an increased excitability was observed in LL, but also the behaviour of SL tended to develop in the same direction, hut with a lower intensity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Response to protein deficiency. As previous papers dem onstrated, a decrease of the protein content of the diet leads to marked beha vioural changes [9,10]. Therefore the level of EA was followed first after 4 weeks of protein restriction, then during nutritional rehabilita tion, 5 weeks after term ination of the protein restriction.…”

Section: Reponseto Amphetaminementioning

confidence: 98%

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Behavioural Responses of Rats to early Overnutrition

Franková¹

1970

Ann Nutr Metab

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The consequence of early overnutrition on later behaviour of rats was tested during the first year of life under conditions of different complexity. The behaviour patterns of overfed rats were compared with those of animals, kept under common nutritional conditions and of rats undernourished prior to weaning. It was demonstrated, that early overnutrition is not beneficial for later exploratory behaviour, learning ability, and the resistance to the pharmacological or nutritional stress. The trend of the observed behavioural responses was identical both in the over- and undernourished rats, differences appeared to be quantitative rather than qualitative.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Reponseto Amphetaminementioning

confidence: 98%

Behavioural Responses of Rats to early Overnutrition

Franková¹

1970

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Nutritional insults during the first weeks of life in rodents (somewhat analogous to the first two years in humans) can delay the acquisition of early motor reflexes [2], with associated deleterious effects in the cerebellum, mostly related to zinc deficiency [3]. Specific behavioral impairments due to nutritional deficits, during the first weeks of life, such as iron-deficiency, might be retained even when these animals reach adulthood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition

Ladd

Ribeiro

et al. 2010

Nutrition

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Objective-The effect of zinc and glutamine on brain development was investigated during the lactation period in Swiss mice.Methods-Malnutrition was induced by clustering the litter size from 6-7 pups/dam (nourished control) to 12-14 pups/dam (undernourished control) following birth. Undernourished groups received daily supplementation with glutamine by subcutaneous injections starting at day 2 and continuing until day 14. Glutamine (100 mM, 40-80μl) was used for morphological and behavioral studies. Zinc acetate was added in the drinking water (500 mg/L) to the lactating dams. Synaptophysin (SYN) and myelin basic protein (MBP) brain expressions were evaluated by immunoblot. Zinc serum and brain levels and hippocampal neurotransmitters were also evaluated. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.FVLD, AABLD, and AAMCR contributed with the stereological studies. SBCC, BPC, ICC, BBO, and CMCC contributed with the behavioral studies AAML, RLG, and RBO contributed with the study design, study analysis and manuscript preparation GAM and CECM contributed with neurochemical and zinc measurements. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNutrition. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptResults-Zinc with or without glutamine improved weight gain as compared to untreated, undernourished controls. In addition, zinc supplementation improved cliff avoidance and head position during swim behaviors especially on days 9 and 10. Using design-based stereological methods, we found a significant increase in the volume of CA1 neuronal cells in undernourished control mice, which was not seen in mice receiving zinc or glutamine alone or in combination. Undernourished mice given glutamine showed increased CA1 layer volume as compared with the other groups, consistent with the trend toward increased number of neurons. Brain zinc levels were increased in the nourished and undernourished-glutamine treated mice as compared to the undernourished controls on day 7. Undernourished glutamine-treated mice showed increased hippocampal GABA and SYN levels on day 14.Conclusion-We conclude that glutamine or zinc protects against malnutrition-induced brain developmental impairments.

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“…Behavioral testing of rats reared by dams who were maintained on an 8070 protein diet during pregnancy and lactation has been limited. However, Frankova and Barnes (1968) have reported that rats with inadequate protein early in life manifest a variety of behavioral disorders, including stereotyped movements and a failure to delay or extinguish fixed conditioned responses; and Picone and Hall (1977) have found that such animals also differ in their responses to tail pinch. In addition, Stem, Resnick, and Morgane (1976) reported a deficit in retention (but not in acquisition) on a response altemation task, although Hall (1983) observed no differences in learning a radial maze when factors such as running speed were equated, A review of the neurobiological and behavioralliterature on the effects of 8% casein diets has been provided by Morgane et al (1978).…”

Section: Drain Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early protein undernutrition and later frontal cortex damage on habit acquisition and reversallearning in the rat

Silva¹,

Bouzrara²,

Finger³

et al. 1984

Psychobiology

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Rats from dams that were undernourished (8% casein diets) during pregnancy and lactation or weH fed (25% casein diets) received frontal corticallesions at maturity. The animals were then tested for the ability to master a simple sensory discrimination and to learn reversals of that discrimination. Main effects of undernutrition and the frontal corticallesion were found in originallearning but not on the reversals, and animals that received both early undernutrition and the later focal brain lesion made more errors in originallearning than did rats that sustained only undernutrition or only the lesion. The suggestion that early nutritional history may be one of a number of factors that can help to explain why patients with seemingly similar brain lesions do not always show identical symptoms is discussed.Subjects who receive lesions of the same brain structures do not always exhibit identical degrees of behavioral impairment (Finger & Stein, 1982). Several factors have now been proposed to account for this variability, which has been observed both with clinical populations and laboratory animals. For example, under some conditions it is known that age at the time of insult can affect the degree of functional sparing (Johnson & Almli, 1978), as can the speed of growth or "momentum" of the lesion (Finger, 1978b). In addition, nonspecific environmental "enrichment" has also been shown to enhance behavioral recovery, at least on simple maze-learning tasks following cortical or hippocampal lesions (Finger, 1978a).A variable that has only recently been explored in this context is the early nutritional history of the sub-[ect. Early undernutrition can affect several indices of brain function, including cellular growth and differentiation and synapse formation and myelination, and it has also been established that some behaviors can be affected if undernutrition is experienced during the period of rapid brain growth (Winick, 1976). These observations may be interpreted to suggest that early undernutrition can also affect recovery from later brain damage-a hypothesis that has now been examined in three recent studies from this laboratory, using the pups of rat dams that had experienced 50010 less food than control dams during the lactation period.The results of two of these studies have shown that early undernutrition can affect performance following a brain lesion later in life, even under conditions in which poor early diet has little or no effect on the scores of rats without focal brain lesions. In one case (Mangold, Bell, Gruenthal, & Finger, 1981), in which rats with posterior corticallesions were tested for the ability to make a brightness discrimination, poor early nutrition retarded recovery following the focal lesion. In the other, in which rats with hippocampal lesions were tested on a battery of DRL operant conditioning tasks, undernutrition attenuated the lesion effect (Finger & Green, 1983). The generality of the latter finding was examined in a third study (Laughlin, Finger, & Bell, 1983) in which rats were...

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Effect of Malnutrition in Early Life on Avoidance Conditioning and Behavior of Adult Rats

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Behavioural Responses of Rats to early Overnutrition

Behavioural Responses of Rats to early Overnutrition

Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition

Effects of early protein undernutrition and later frontal cortex damage on habit acquisition and reversallearning in the rat

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